Archives of Crop Science

ISSN: 2643-5772

Research Article | Volume 6 | Issue 1 | DOI: 10.36959/718/623 Open Access

Stability Analysis for Newly Evolved Genotypes of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for Loose Flower Production

Reshma Negi, Dogra RK, Dhiman SR, Gupta YC, Gupta RK and Dhiman MR

  • Reshma Negi 1
  • Dogra RK 1
  • Dhiman SR 1
  • Gupta YC 1
  • Gupta RK 1
  • Dhiman MR 2
  • College of Horticulture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, India
  • ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu, India

Negi R, Dogra RK, Dhiman SR, et al. (2023) Stability Analysis for Newly Evolved Genotypes of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for Loose Flower Production. Arch Crop Sci 6(1):212-217

Accepted: March 17, 2023 | Published Online: March 19, 2023

Stability Analysis for Newly Evolved Genotypes of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for Loose Flower Production

Abstract


An experiment was conducted on stability analysis of newly evolved genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for loose flower production at the experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan and ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu Valley of H.P for two successive years 2017 and 2018 on nineteen genotypes of chrysanthemum, including cultivar 'Surf' as check for loose flower production. For character like plant height genotypes 'UHFSChr113' and 'UHFSChr114', genotypes 'UHFSChr125', 'UHFSChr128'and 'UHFSChr131' for days taken to flowering and for flower diameter genotypes 'UHFSChr111', 'UHFSChr122', 'UHFSChr132' for number of side shoots genotype 'UHFSChr121' were found stable. These genotypes were not influenced much by the season as well as environment and stable across the location and season.

Keywords


Loose flower, Analysis, Squared deviation, Eberhart and Russel model, Genotypes

Introduction


Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) belongs to family Asteraceae [1]. It is commonly known as guldaudi/autumn queen/queen of East. It is native to northern hemisphere chiefly Europe and Asia. Species in the genus chrysanthemum varies from 100 to 200. It ranks second after rose in spray and seventh in standard type of flower production and also ranked second in loose flower production after marigold [2]. In India, Karnataka is the most prominent chrysanthemum growing state with an area of 5,453 ha with production of 59,543 MT and productivity of 10.92 t/ha. In India during 2016-2017 the area under chrysanthemum was 20090 hectare and production of loose flower was 185240 MT [3]. Chrysanthemum has wide range of flower colour, growth habit, size and shape. It is used for making garlands, Venis, gajras and religious offering.

There are large numbers of germplasm available but could not fulfill the requirements in terms of new colors, forms, types and various characteristics. However; there is always a demand of superior and new flowers over the existing cultivars. Therefore, there is urgent need to identify stable genotypes having wider adaptability and easy availability to the growers at cheaper rate. Therefore, an investigation was conducted on "Stability analysis in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) as 'stability' reflects the suitability of genotype for general cultivation over wide range of environment for loose flower production", in breeding for wide adaptation, the aim is to obtain a variety, which perform well in nearly all environment [4]. The present study was therefore aimed to evaluate chrysanthemum for their stability of performance for yield and yields components across different environments.

Materials and Methods


To assess the stability performance of newly evolved genotypes of chrysanthemum for loose flower production trial was conducted at experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan and ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu Valley of H.P. for two successive years 2017 and 2018 on nineteen genotypes of chrysanthemum. Genotypes namely 'UHFSChr111', 'UHFSChr113', 'UHFSChr114', 'UHFSChr115', 'UHFSChr117', 'UHFSChr118', 'UHFSChr120', 'UHFSChr121', 'UHFSChr122', 'UHFSChr123', 'UHFSChr124', 'UHFSChr125', 'UHFSChr126', 'UHFSChr128', 'UHFSChr129', 'UHFSChr130', 'UHFSChr131', 'UHFSChr132' including 'Surf' as check. The plants were planted in three replications in Randomized Block Design in open field conditions using FYM 5 kg/m2 and half dose of nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus and potassium were also mixed in the soil at the time of bed preparation. The remaining half dose of nitrogen was applied 45 days after transplanting. Data were recorded in terms of different plant parameters viz., days taken for flowering, plant height (cm) recorded at the time of flowering and measured from bottom to tip of the plant, number of plants and flowers per plant, flower diameter (cm) and duration of flowering, flower weight per plant and flower weight per square meter. The data was subjected to stability analysis by using [5]. The model involves the estimation of mean, regression coefficient and deviation from regression.

Results and Discussion


Plant height revealed that genotypes 'UHFSChr114' (114.42 cm), 'UHFSChr115' (113.33 cm), 'UHFSChr117' (113.33 cm), 'UHFSChr130' (87.17 cm), 'UHFSChr125' (86.08 cm), and 'UHFSChr122' (83.97 cm) exhibited high mean values than overall mean (83.39 cm). Among above mentioned genotypes 'UHFSChr114' and 'UHFSChr113' recorded phenotypic index (pi) 29.96, 23.38, regression coefficient (bi) 0.98, 1.32 and squared deviation from regression (S2di) 0.24, -1.07 respectively. Hence, these genotypes observed to be stable for trait under study (Table 1).

Among all nineteen genotypes days taken to flower bud formation 'UHFSChr129'(129.30 days), 'UHFSChr115'(126.25 days), 'UHFSChr113' (125.85 days), 'UHFSChr118' (125.05 days), 'UHFSChr131' (125.05 days), 'UHFSChr130' (124.94 days), 'UHFSChr126' (124.80 days), 'UHFSChr121' (124.12 days), 'UHFSChr117' (123.90 days), 'UHFSChr128' (123.70 days), 'UHFSChr111' (122.90 days), 'UHFSChr125' (122.56 days), 'UHFSChr114' (122.33 days) and 'UHFSChr120' (122.02 days) recorded more mean values than overall mean (121.73 days) over all environments. Genotype 'UHFSChr128' recorded phenotypic index (pi) 21.78, regression coefficient (bi) 1.03, square deviation from regression (S2di) 0.32 was found to be most stable genotype for this character.

Perusal of data presented in Table 2 revealed that days taken to flowering genotypes 'UHFSChr129' (169.18 days), 'UHFSChr126' (164.53 days), 'UHFSChr111' (164.38 days), 'UHFSChr120' (162.83 days), 'UHFSChr132' (162.58 days), 'UHFSChr118' (161.92 days), 'UHFSChr115' (161.92 days), 'UHFSChr125' (161.28 days), 'UHFSChr113' (161.02 days) and 'UHFSChr131' (160.84 days) exhibited maximum mean values than overall mean (160.08 days). Genotypes 'UHFSChr125' 'UHFSChr128' and 'UHFSChr131' exhibited phenotypic index (pi) 263.05, 26.98, 1.23, regression coefficient (bi) 0.94, 1.00, 1.01, squared deviation from regression (S2di) 0.82, -1.25, -0.66 respectively were found to be stable with days taken to flowering.

Data presented in Table 2 revealed that genotypes 'UHFSChr128' (37.98 cm), 'UHFSChr113'(37.50 cm), 'UHFSChr117' (37.39 cm), 'UHFSChr122' (37.76 cm), 'UHFSChr132' (37.28 cm), 'UHFSChr111' (36.85 cm), 'UHFSChr114' (36.25 cm), 'UHFSChr115' (36.22 cm) 'UHFSChr126' (35.94 cm), 'UHFSChr123' (35.83 cm), and 'UHFSChr121' (35.76 cm) recorded maximum mean value than overall mean (35.50 cm) for plant spread. The above mentioned genotypes did not qualify the stability criteria, hence revealed their unstable performance for plant spread.

Data related to duration of flowering revealed that genotypes such as 'UHFSChr132' (33.67 days), 'UHFSChr126' (33.25 days), 'UHFSChr111' (33.08 days), 'UHFSChr130' (32.67 days), 'Surf' (32.33 days), 'UHFSChr120' (32.17 days), 'UHFSChr124' (32.00 days), exhibited maximum mean values than the overall mean (29.16 days). However, the above mentioned genotypes did not fulfill the criteria of stability so; they were found unstable for this trait (Table 3).

Perusal of data presented in Table 4 revealed that genotypes 'UHFSChr124' (10.26 cm), 'Surf' (6.42), 'UHFSChr115' (6.24 cm), UHFSChr113' (5.71 cm), 'UHFSChr123' (5.65 cm), 'UHFSChr132' (5.49 cm), 'UHFSChr120' (5.46 cm), 'UHFSChr111' (5.43 cm), and 'UHFSChr129' (5.30 cm) recorded maximum mean values than overall mean (5.27 cm). Genotypes UHFSChr111', 'UHFSChr122'and 'UHFSChr132' recorded phenotypic index (pi) 0.21, 0.12, 0.19, regression coefficient (bi) 7.95, 8.77, 1.82, squared deviation from regression (S2di) 7.95, 8.77, 1.82 were found to be most stable genotypes with respect to flower diameter.

Data related to number of side shoots per plant showed that genotypes 'UHFSChr114', 'UHFSChr115', (6.16), UHFSChr122' (6.02), 'UHFSChr125' (5.93),'UHFSChr117' (5.92), 'UHFSChr131' (5.85) 'UHFSChr123' (5.63), 'UHFSChr132' (5.75)', 'UHFSChr126' (5.50) exhibited high mean values than overall mean (5.50). Genotypes 'UHFSChr121' observed phenotypic index (pi) 0.93, with regression coefficient (bi) 0.98, and squared deviation from regression (S2di) 0.60 was found to be most stable for this genotype for this trait.

Genotypes 'UHFSChr122' (752.74g), 'UHFSChr117' (659.47g), 'UHFSChr132,' (645.83g), 'UHFSChr111' (511.00g), 'UHFSChr113' (459.17g), 'UHFSChr115' (419.30g) 'UHFSChr131' (413.19g), 'UHFSChr114' (377.20g) and 'UHFSChr121' (358.78g) recorded mean value maximum than the overall mean (375.32g). However, the above mentioned genotypes did not fulfill the stability criteria hence revealed that their unstable performance for flower weight per plant (Table 5).

Genotypes 'UHFSChr122' (752.74g), 'UHFSChr117' (659.47g), 'UHFSChr132,' (645.83g), 'UHFSChr111' (511.00g), 'UHFSChr113' (459.17g), 'UHFSChr115' (419.30g) 'UHFSChr131' (413.19g), 'UHFSChr114' (377.20g) and 'UHFSChr121' (358.78g) recorded mean value maximum than the overall mean (375.32g). However, the above mentioned genotypes did not fulfill the stability criteria hence revealed that their unstable performance for flower weight per plant (Table 5).

However, the above said genotypes did not fulfill the stability criteria hence showed that their unstable performance for flower weight per square meter.

The character wise stable genotypes are presented for different characters are given in Table 6. For loose flower stable performance found with genotypes, For character like plant height genotypes 'UHFSChr113' and 'UHFSChr114' genotypes 'UHFSChr125', 'UHFSChr128' and 'UHFSChr131' for days taken to flowering and for flower diameter genotypes 'UHFSChr111', 'UHFSChr122', 'UHFSChr132', and genotype 'UHFSChr121' found stable for number of side shoots were not influenced much by the season as well as environment and stable across the location and season. Similar finding were also reported by: Vaidya [6], Priyanka [7] and Kumar, et al. [8] in chrysanthemum; Ramberg and Chirva [9], Arora and Sharma (1991), Desh Raj and Misra [10,11], Pant and Lal (1998) in gladiolus; Misra, et al. [12] carnation; Naik [13], Patil, et al. [14] in marigold.

Conclusion


For loose flower stable performance found with genotypes,'UHFSChr113', 'UHFSChr114' 'UHFSChr125', 'UHFSChr121', 'UHFSChr128' and 'UHFSChr131' can be selected for further breeding programme.

References


  1. Anderson RL (1987) Reclassification of genus chrysanthemum. Hort Science 22: 313.
  2. Anonymous (2017) Royal floraholl and facts and figures.
  3. Anonymous (2018) Ministry of agriculture, Government of India.
  4. Cooper M, IH De-Lacy (1994) Relationships among analytical methods used to study genotypic variation and genotype- by environment interaction in plant breeding multi environment experiments. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88: 561-572.
  5. Eberhart SA, Russell WA (1966) Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Science 6: 36-40.
  6. Vaidya OS, Kumar S (2006) Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. European Journal of Operational Research 169: 1-29.
  7. Priyanka BM (2012) Genotypic stability analysis in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevlev). M.Sc Thesis, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Kittur Rani Channama College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 124.
  8. Kumar CM, Dorajeerao PAVD, Susheela T, et al. (2018) Stability analysis for flowering characters of chrysanthemum genotypes. Plant Archives 18: 2609-2616.
  9. Ramberg TG, Chirva ZF (1978) Effect of climatic conditions on gladiolus growth and development. Genetike Selektsii 62: 115-121.
  10. Desh Raj A, Misra RL (1998) Stability analysis in gladiolus I. Vegetative characters. Annals of Agriculture Research 19: 423-428.
  11. Desh Raj, Misra RL (1998) Stability analysis in gladiolus II. Floral characters. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 1: 61-65.
  12. Mishra S, Gupta YC, Rao AR (2003) Correlation and path analysis studies in carnation. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 6: 24-28.
  13. Naik BH (2003) Stability analysis and standardization of production technology for flower and xanthophylls yield in marigold (Tagetes spp). Ph.D Thesis, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dharwad, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. India 329.
  14. Patil P, Rao S (2011) Effects of Thera-Band® elastic resistance-assisted gait training in stroke patients: A pilot study.Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 47: 427-433.

Abstract


An experiment was conducted on stability analysis of newly evolved genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) for loose flower production at the experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan and ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu Valley of H.P for two successive years 2017 and 2018 on nineteen genotypes of chrysanthemum, including cultivar 'Surf' as check for loose flower production. For character like plant height genotypes 'UHFSChr113' and 'UHFSChr114', genotypes 'UHFSChr125', 'UHFSChr128'and 'UHFSChr131' for days taken to flowering and for flower diameter genotypes 'UHFSChr111', 'UHFSChr122', 'UHFSChr132' for number of side shoots genotype 'UHFSChr121' were found stable. These genotypes were not influenced much by the season as well as environment and stable across the location and season.

References

  1. Anderson RL (1987) Reclassification of genus chrysanthemum. Hort Science 22: 313.
  2. Anonymous (2017) Royal floraholl and facts and figures.
  3. Anonymous (2018) Ministry of agriculture, Government of India.
  4. Cooper M, IH De-Lacy (1994) Relationships among analytical methods used to study genotypic variation and genotype- by environment interaction in plant breeding multi environment experiments. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88: 561-572.
  5. Eberhart SA, Russell WA (1966) Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Science 6: 36-40.
  6. Vaidya OS, Kumar S (2006) Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. European Journal of Operational Research 169: 1-29.
  7. Priyanka BM (2012) Genotypic stability analysis in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevlev). M.Sc Thesis, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Kittur Rani Channama College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 124.
  8. Kumar CM, Dorajeerao PAVD, Susheela T, et al. (2018) Stability analysis for flowering characters of chrysanthemum genotypes. Plant Archives 18: 2609-2616.
  9. Ramberg TG, Chirva ZF (1978) Effect of climatic conditions on gladiolus growth and development. Genetike Selektsii 62: 115-121.
  10. Desh Raj A, Misra RL (1998) Stability analysis in gladiolus I. Vegetative characters. Annals of Agriculture Research 19: 423-428.
  11. Desh Raj, Misra RL (1998) Stability analysis in gladiolus II. Floral characters. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 1: 61-65.
  12. Mishra S, Gupta YC, Rao AR (2003) Correlation and path analysis studies in carnation. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 6: 24-28.
  13. Naik BH (2003) Stability analysis and standardization of production technology for flower and xanthophylls yield in marigold (Tagetes spp). Ph.D Thesis, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dharwad, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. India 329.
  14. Patil P, Rao S (2011) Effects of Thera-Band® elastic resistance-assisted gait training in stroke patients: A pilot study.Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 47: 427-433.