Table 3: Sex differences in absolute and normalized rate of force development (RFD).
Males (n = 35) | Females (n =17) | |||||||
Absolute RFD, N/s | Means | SD | Means | SD | P -Values | Effect Size | Power | |
Flexion | 194.1 | (183.1) | 111.1 | (38.4) | 0.038 | 0.627 | 0.548 | |
#Right Diagonal Flexion | 143.4 | (81.5) | 99.7 | (43.6) | 0.071 | 0.669 | 0.581 | |
Left Diagonal Flexion | 156.2 | (89.3) | 100.1 | (49.4) | 0.005* | 0.777 | 0.732 | |
#Right Lateral Flexion | 139.2 | (87.5) | 107.6 | (48.5) | 0.270 | 0.447 | 0.304 | |
#Left Lateral Flexion | 135.0 | (73.8) | 82.6 | (36.5) | 0.006* | 0.901 | 0.830 | |
#Right Diagonal Extension | 181.4 | (95.1) | 118.5 | (57.1) | 0.014 | 0.802 | 0.738 | |
#Left Diagonal Extension | 187.1 | (114.5) | 117.6 | (58.9) | 0.023 | 0.763 | 0.696 | |
#Extension | 278.3 | (189.3) | 182.7 | (109.2) | 0.027 | 0.619 | 0.517 | |
Normalized RFD, N/s/kg | Means | SD | Means | SD | P -Values | Effect Size | Power | |
Flexion | 3.4 | (3.9) | 2.0 | (0.9) | 0.108 | 0.495 | 0.375 | |
#Right Diagonal Flexion | 2.4 | (1.4) | 1.8 | (0.8) | 0.188 | 0.526 | 0.399 | |
#Left Diagonal Flexion | 2.7 | (1.9) | 1.7 | (0.7) | 0.081 | 0.698 | 0.619 | |
#Right Lateral Flexion | 2.3 | (1.4) | 1.9 | (0.8) | 0.592 | 0.351 | 0.206 | |
#Left Lateral Flexion | 2.2 | (1.3) | 1.4 | (0.6) | 0.023 | 0.790 | 0.725 | |
#Right Diagonal Extension | 2.9 | (1.5) | 2.0 | (0.8) | 0.022 | 0.749 | 0.679 | |
#Left Diagonal Extension | 3.1 | (2.1) | 2.0 | (1.0) | 0.084 | 0.669 | 0.581 | |
#Extension | 4.6 | (3.6) | 3.1 | (1.6) | 0.074 | 0.538 | 0.415 |
# represents nonparametric analyses. *represents significant sex differences at P < 0.00625.