Table 3: Sex differences in absolute and normalized rate of force development (RFD).

Males (n = 35) Females (n =17)
Absolute RFD, N/s Means SD Means SD P -Values Effect Size Power
Flexion 194.1 (183.1) 111.1 (38.4) 0.038 0.627 0.548
#Right Diagonal Flexion 143.4 (81.5) 99.7 (43.6) 0.071 0.669 0.581
Left Diagonal Flexion 156.2 (89.3) 100.1 (49.4) 0.005* 0.777 0.732
#Right Lateral Flexion 139.2 (87.5) 107.6 (48.5) 0.270 0.447 0.304
#Left Lateral Flexion 135.0 (73.8) 82.6 (36.5) 0.006* 0.901 0.830
#Right Diagonal Extension 181.4 (95.1) 118.5 (57.1) 0.014 0.802 0.738
#Left Diagonal Extension 187.1 (114.5) 117.6 (58.9) 0.023 0.763 0.696
#Extension 278.3 (189.3) 182.7 (109.2) 0.027 0.619 0.517
Normalized RFD, N/s/kg Means SD Means SD P -Values Effect Size Power
Flexion 3.4 (3.9) 2.0 (0.9) 0.108 0.495 0.375
#Right Diagonal Flexion 2.4 (1.4) 1.8 (0.8) 0.188 0.526 0.399
#Left Diagonal Flexion 2.7 (1.9) 1.7 (0.7) 0.081 0.698 0.619
#Right Lateral Flexion 2.3 (1.4) 1.9 (0.8) 0.592 0.351 0.206
#Left Lateral Flexion 2.2 (1.3) 1.4 (0.6) 0.023 0.790 0.725
#Right Diagonal Extension 2.9 (1.5) 2.0 (0.8) 0.022 0.749 0.679
#Left Diagonal Extension 3.1 (2.1) 2.0 (1.0) 0.084 0.669 0.581
#Extension 4.6 (3.6) 3.1 (1.6) 0.074 0.538 0.415

# represents nonparametric analyses. *represents significant sex differences at P < 0.00625.