Table 2: Sex differences in peak force ratios and force steadiness (Coefficient of Variation: CoV).
| Males (n = 35) | Females (n = 17) | ||||||||
| Neck Strength Ratio, % | Means | SD | Means | SD | P-Values | Effect size | Power | ||
| Flexion/Extension | 71.4 | (18.5) | 71.5 | (17.5) | 0.984 | 0.006 | 0.050 | ||
| #Right Diagonal Flexion/Extension | 60.9 | (16.0) | 64.8 | (13.8) | 0.215 | 0.261 | 0.135 | ||
| #Left Diagonal Flexion/Extension | 63.1 | (16.9) | 64.7 | (13.5) | 0.552 | 0.105 | 0.063 | ||
| Right Lateral Flexion/Extension | 64.7 | (17.4) | 60.2 | (9.8) | 0.239 | 0.319 | 0.185 | ||
| #Left Lateral Flexion/Extension | 62.2 | (18.7) | 64.0 | (11.5) | 0.344 | 0.116 | 0.066 | ||
| Right Diagonal Extension/Extension | 74.3 | (13.6) | 76.1 | (13.5) | 0.659 | 0.133 | 0.073 | ||
| #Left Diagonal Extension/Extension | 75.0 | (15.0) | 76.3 | (15.2) | 0.668 | 0.086 | 0.059 | ||
| Coefficient of Variation, % | Means | SD | Means | SD | P-Values | Effect Size | Power | ||
| #Flexion | 3.7 | (1.6) | 3.1 | (1.0) | 0.501 | 0.449 | 0.308 | ||
| #Right Diagonal Flexion | 4.7 | (2.5) | 3.5 | (1.2) | 0.061 | 0.612 | 0.509 | ||
| #Left Diagonal Flexion | 4.1 | (2.0) | 3.2 | (1.2) | 0.114 | 0.546 | 0.424 | ||
| #Right Lateral Flexion | 4.0 | (1.7) | 3.1 | (0.8) | 0.181 | 0.677 | 0.593 | ||
| #Left Lateral Flexion | 4.7 | (3.7) | 3.1 | (1.2) | 0.044 | 0.582 | 0.469 | ||
| #Right Diagonal Extension | 4.0 | (2.2) | 3.0 | (1.6) | 0.143 | 0.520 | 0.391 | ||
| #Left Diagonal Extension | 3.9 | (1.7) | 2.9 | (1.2) | 0.032 | 0.748 | 0.678 | ||
| #Extension | 3.9 | (2.1) | 3.6 | (2.5) | 0.391 | 0.129 | 0.071 | ||
# represents nonparametric analyses.