Table 1: Demographics and psychometric scores.
SPA (mean) |
SD |
Min-Max |
n-SPA (mean) |
SD |
Min-Max |
Statistic (df) |
p |
Effect size |
|
Sample size |
20 |
- |
- |
24 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Age |
22.20 |
3.04 |
18-28 |
23.00 |
3.26 |
19-30 |
203.5a |
> 0.05 |
-0.13e |
Gender (m/f) |
6/14 |
- |
- |
7/17 |
- |
- |
0.004 (1)b |
> 0.05 |
0.009f |
BDI total score |
9.85 |
7.10 |
1-25 |
4.38 |
4.20 |
0-15 |
364a |
0.003 |
-0.44e |
BIS attentional score |
17.15 |
3.48 |
11-26 |
13.67 |
2.55 |
10-19 |
-3.83 (42)c |
< 0.001 |
1.16g |
BIS motor score |
22.25 |
3.27 |
17-30 |
20.42 |
3.09 |
17-29 |
326.5a |
0.04 |
-0.313e |
BIS nonplanning score |
25.40 |
4.43 |
18-34 |
23.17 |
2.97 |
18-30 |
1.99 (42)c |
> 0.05 |
0.60g |
SAS total score |
40.65 |
5.73 |
31-51 |
21.71 |
4.08 |
14-28 |
-12.77 (42)c |
< 0.001 |
3.87g |
SPAI total score |
56.85 |
10.03 |
38-82 |
35.75 |
6.24 |
27-55 |
462a |
< 0.001 |
-0.79e |
SPAI withdrawal |
15.60 |
3.86 |
8-20 |
9.46 |
2.70 |
7-19 |
427.5a |
< 0.001 |
-0.67e |
SPAI compulsive behaviour |
17.65 |
3.56 |
13-25 |
11.79 |
2.15 |
9-18 |
6.45 (29.99)d |
< 0.001 |
2.04g |
SPAI tolerance |
7.65 |
2.01 |
4-12 |
4.46 |
1.47 |
3-8 |
431a |
< 0.001 |
-0.68e |
SPAI functional impairment |
15.95 |
3.73 |
10-26 |
10.04 |
2.46 |
8-15 |
440a |
< 0.001 |
-0.72e |
SPAI-I total score |
52.80 |
9.70 |
34-78 |
32.38 |
5.20 |
25-48 |
-8.46 (27.86)d |
< 0.001 |
2.70g |
SPAI-I time spent |
10.75 |
2.02 |
6-13 |
5.92 |
1.41 |
4-11 |
454a |
< 0.001 |
-0.77e |
SPAI-I compulsivity |
6.50 |
2.16 |
4-12 |
4.42 |
0.72 |
4-6 |
384a |
< 0.001 |
-0.55e |
SPAI-I daily life interference |
14.65 |
3.87 |
10-27 |
9.54 |
1.44 |
8-14 |
455a |
< 0.001 |
-0.77e |
SPAI-I craving |
13.45 |
3.20 |
7-19 |
8.38 |
2.75 |
5-15 |
-5.64 (42)c |
< 0.001 |
1.71g |
SPAI-I sleep interference |
7.45 |
2.21 |
4-12 |
4.13 |
1.98 |
3-10 |
422a |
< 0.001 |
-0.66e |
IGDS-sf total score |
0.65 |
1.09 |
0-4 |
0.42 |
0.72 |
0-2 |
259a |
> 0.05 |
-0.08e |
Abbreviations: SPA: Addictive Smartphone Use Group; n-SPA: Non-SPA (controls); SD: Standard Deviation, DF: Degrees of freedom; Significant results in bold font. M: Male; F: Female; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; BIS: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; SAS: Smartphone Addiction Scale; SPAI: Smartphone Addiction Inventory; SPAI-I: Five-factor solution of the SPAI; IGDS-sf : short-form of the Internet gaming disorder scale; AWilcoxon rank sum test: b χ2; c Two Sample t-test; d Welch Two Sample t-test; e r, f φ; g Cohen's d.