Table 1: Characteristics of included participants in the total cohort at baseline, and divided in group A (started diet immediately after randomization) and group B (started diet after an observation period of 3-5 months).

 

Total cohort (N = 26)

Group A (N = 13)

Group B (N = 11)

p- value

Age (SD)

10.89 (2.82)

9.92 (2.80)

11.16 (2.11)

0.8701

Baseline Total Motor Tic Score (SD)

15.0 (3.71) (N = 25)

14.62 (4.25) (N = 13)

15.80 (3.33) (N = 10)

0.5021

Baseline Total Vocal Tic Score (SD)

9.52 (5.37) (N = 25)

11.15 (4.85) (N = 13)

7.60 (6.08) (N = 10)

0.8941

Baseline Total Tic Severity Score (SD)

24.6 (7.47) (N = 25)

25.77 (7.55) (N = 13)

23.60 (8.24) (N = 10)

0.5711

Baseline Total Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Score (SD)

40.2 (13.55) (N = 25)

41.15 (14.38) (N = 13)

41.60 (12.97) (N = 10)

0.3291

Presence sleeping disturbance

62.5% (N = 16)

77.8% (N = 9)

42.9% (N = 7)

0.2742

Presence rage attacks

25.0% (N = 16

33.3% (N = 9)

14.3% (N = 7)

0.6832

Presence depressive symptoms

18.8% (N = 16)

22.2% (N = 9)

14.3% (N = 7)

0.8662

Presence OCD

37.5% (N = 16)

55.6% (N = 9)

14.3% (N = 7)

0.0912

Presence ADHD

5.9% (N = 17)

0% (N = 10)

14.3% (N = 7)

0.2182

PedsQL Parents Psychosocial Health (SD)

64.99 (18.47) (N = 12)

71.50 (14.08) (N = 5)

60.33 (20.81) (N = 7)

0.3251

PedsQL Parents Physical

82.38 (23.30)

89.68 (6.58)

77.16 (29.84)

0.3841

Health (SD)

(N = 12)

(N = 5)

(N = 7)

PedsQL Parents Total score (SD)

72.36 (13.16) (N = 12)

77.82 (8.13) (N = 5)

68.45 (15.19) (N = 7)

0.2411

Peds QL Child Psychosocial

61.23 (24.14)

53.67 (25.19)

67.71 (23.03)

0.3161

Health (SD)

(N = 13)

(N = 6)

(N = 7)

PedsQL Child Physical Health (SD)

78.18 (27.09) (N = 13)

67.75 (37.19) (N = 6)

87.13 (10.62) (N = 7)

0.2121

PedsQL Child Total score (SD)

67.72 (23.40) (N = 13)

59.63 (28.04) (N = 6)

74.66 (17.86) (N = 7)

0.2661

Duration of tics (in years)

5.93 (2.75)

5.31 (2.43)

5.59 (1.92)

0.6471

Number of days on diet

65.62 (93.47)

91.69 (119.54)

46.73 (50.58)

0.7291

SD = Standard Deviation; PedsQL = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; 1 = One-Way Anova; 2 = Pearson Chi-Square