Table 4: Review of the literature search results of animal studies
| Author (Year) | Associated Colors | Study Design (Guideline # if applicable) |
| Literature involving a single FCA as the test article (opposed to mixtures of FCAs) | ||
| Alsalman, et al. [59] | FD & C Yellow No. 5 | Experimental: Investigating toxicity of Yellow No. 5 in rat brain with high-doseasprin. |
| Bhatt, et al. [58] | Tartrazine (FD & D Yellow No. 5) |
Experimental: Screen the neurobiochemical effects of Tartrazine in rats after administering the acceptable daily intakelevel |
| El-Sakhawy, et al. [60] | Tartrazine (FD & D Yellow No. 5) |
Tartrazine (FD & D Yellow No. 5) |
| Gao, et al. [56] | Tartrazine (FD & D Yellow No. 5) |
Experimental: investigated the effect of Tartrazine on learning and memory functions in mice and rats, examining the possible mechanisms involved |
| Mohamed, et al. [57] | Tartrazine (FD & D Yellow No. 5) |
Experimental: Investigated the protective effects of royal jelly and cod liver oil against the possible neurotoxic impact of tartrazine on male rat pups brains |
| Noorafshan, et al. [55] | Allura Red (FD & C Red No 40) |
Experimental: Investigated the neuroprotective effect of Taurine against the possible neurotoxic impact of Allura Red on rats’ medial Prefrontal Cortex |
| Tanaka, et al. [51] | Brilliant Blue FCF (FD & C Blue No. 1) |
Experimental: Investigated the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of Brilliant Blue FCF in mice |
| Yang, et al. [63] | Fact Green FCF (FD & C Green No. 3) |
Experimental: Investigated Fast Green FCF’s effect on lip polysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior and the underlying mechanisms |
| Bawazir, et al. [54]¥ | Allura Red (FD & C Red No 40) |
Experimental: Investigated Allura Red’s effect on neurotransmitter, antioxidant functions, and bioelement contents of kidney, and brain tissues in male albino rats |
| Dalal and Poddar [53] ¥ | Erythrosine (FD & C Red No. 3) |
Experimental: Investigated the role of brain regional serotonin metabolism including its turnover, MAO-A activity, and plasma corticosterone status in relation to behavioral disturbances due to Erythrosine |
| Literature involving mixtures of FCAs as the test article | ||
| Ceyhan, et al. [78] | FD & C Blue No. 1 FD & C Red No. 40 FD & C Yellow No. 6 |
Experimental: Investigated the effects of intrauterine exposure to a mixture of food colors and additives (FCAAs) in rats on subunit concentrations of NMDARs and nAChRs is forms |
| Doguc, et al. [79] | FD & C Blue No. 1 FD & C Red No. 40 FD & C Yellow No. 6 |
Experimental: Investigated the effects of maternally exposed FCAAs on cognitive performance in rats |
| Doguc, et al. [80] | FD & C Blue No. 1 FD & C Blue No. 2 FD & C Red No. 3 FD & C Red No. 40 FD & C Yellow No. 5 FD & C Yellow No. 6 |
Experimental: Investigated the effects of maternally exposed FCAAs on neurobehaviour and learning process in rat offspring |
| Erickson, et al. [81] | FD & C Red No. 3 FD & C Red No. 40 FD & C Yellow No. 5 FD & C Yellow No. 6 |
Experimental: Investigated the compounding effect of multigenerational prenatal stress and FCA consumption on the development of hyperactivity and anxiety-related behaviors across the lifespan in male rats. MPS treatment involved a family history of four consecutive generations of prenatal stress |
FCAAs: food colors and additives
¥Literature identified as a relevant reference within one of the records retrieved from the literature search