Table 1: Food color additives (FCAs) and their synonyms reviewed within this evaluation.

FCAs subject to certification in the USA Synonyms Comments
Within scope of this manuscript
FD & C Blue No. 1 Brilliant Blue FCF
CI Blue 2
INS 133
FD & C Blue No. 2 Indigo Carmine/Indigotine
CI Blue 1
INS 132
FD & C Red No. 3 Erythrosine
INS 127
FD & C Red No. 40 Allura Red AC
CI Red 17
INS 129
Involved in Southampton study
FD & C Yellow No. 5 Tartrazine
CI Yellow 4
INS 102
Involved in Southampton studies
FD & C Yellow No. 6 Sunset Yellow FCF
CI Yellow 3
INS 110
Involved in Southampton studies
FD & C Green No. 3 Fast Green FCF
CI Food Green 3
INS 143
Out of scope for this evaluation
Orange B CI Orange 17
No INS Number
Restricted use only per CFR; not included in FDA exposure assessment; negligible human intake
Citrus Red No. 2 CI Solvent Red 80
INS 121
Restricted use only per CFR; not included in FDA exposure assessment; negligible human intake
N/A Carmoisine
INS 122
Involved in Southampton studies but not approved for use in the US
N/A Ponceau 4R
INS 124
Involved in Southampton studies but not approved for use in the US