Reference

Study population

Mean age

Follow-up

Treatment

Results

Complications

[9]

22 patients

75 years (61-90)

42 months (12- 91)

12 patients: Revisions with long

stem

8 patients: Proximal humeral implant changed with implantation of an intramedullary implant that bridged the fracture

2 patients: Prosthetic cap with initial stem left in place

- Time to union:

27 weeks

- Scores worse than after primary surgery

2 revisions for dislocation and 1 for intraprosthetic dislocation 1 nonunion

1 revision for fixation failure 1 infection 2 nerve-related complications

[10]

9 patients

70 years (45-85)

47 months (4-196)

5 conservative treatment

2 surgical fixations with screws and wire cerclage

2 stem revision

-Union in 8 patients in 4-6 months

-3 satisfied

-6 not satisfied because of loss of motion

2 radial neuropraxia

[8]

16 patients

63 years (37-76)

67 months (4-191)

6 conservative treatment

5 delayed surgical treatment (123 days after conservative treatment failed)

5 immediate surgical fixation

-Time to union 6 months after conservative treatment

-Time to union 278 days after surgical treatment

-9/16 patients dissatisfied because of loss of motion

1 infection

[7]

21 patients, of which 16 fractures were intraoperative 60 years (40-80)

27 months (12-

72)

5 conservative treatment 8 long stem and wire cerclage

8 standard stems +/- internal fixation

Union:

- 3.5 months for conservative treatment - 2.5 months for long stems

- 8.7 months for standard stems

43%

complication rate

4 neurapraxia

1 capsulitis

1 infection

[10]

6 patients

72 years (67-94)

43 months (13-85)

1 conservative treatment

1 surgical fixation

4 long stems

- 100% union

- 100% patients

satisfied

- Complete recovery of range of motion

2 residual pain (medium intensity)