Table 2: Gustillo I gunshot fractures.
| Author/Journal | Population/anatomical Segment | Methods of fixation | Results |
| Wiss [12]/J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991 | Civilian/Femur fractures | Delayed Interlocking Nailing | 0% infection; 3.5% delayed union; 12.5% malunion |
| Bergmann [13]/J Trauma 1993 | Civilian/Femur fractures | Immediate Intramedullary Nailing | 0% infection |
| Nowotarski [14]/J Orthop Trauma 1994 | Civilian/Femur fractures | Immediate Intramedullary Nailing | 0% infection; 2.5% delayed union; 2.5% malunion; 0% nonunion. |
| Molinari [17]/Cont Orthop 1994 | Civilian/Extremity long bone fractures | Immediate (A), early (B) and late (C) internal fixation groups | Infection 2.6% Nonunion 3.3% in each group |
| Tornetta [16]/J Orthop Trauma 1994 | Civilian/Distal femur | Anterograde Intramedullary Nailing | 7.8% low valgus deformity; 15.8% low posterior angulation |
| Long [7]/Clin Orthop Rel Res 2003 | Civilian/Injuries to the femur | Immediate or early nailing | No infection |
| Polat [15]/Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2018 | Civilian/Femur Diaphyseal fractures | Immediate debridement and delayed treatment: External fixation (group A) versus Intramedullary Nailing (group B) | Deep infection 5.2% (A); 3.5%(B) Delayed union 10.5%(A); 7.1%(B) Nonunion 2.6%(A) 3.5%(B) |
| Gonzalez [18]/The Journal of Hand Surgery 1993s | Civilian/Hand metacarpal fractures | Early rigid fixation combined fixation with flexible intramedullary nails, k wires and plates. | 0% deep infection; 4% superficial infection; 0% malrotation; mild decrease in range of motion. |
| Kiehn [19]/Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 | Civilian/hand fractures | Reduction and immobilization; Early definitive fixation | 8% infection with no difference between the methods. |
| Komurcu [20] Int Orthop 2008 | Civilian/Hand fractures | Immediate fixation for all plate fixation (A), K wire (B) and Ext Fixation (C), Plate + graft (D) | Infection 14.2% (A); 30% (B); 28.5% (C); 10% (D) Nonunion 0% (A, B) 7% (C); 10% (D). |