Table 3: Selected mean (± 1SD) of gait and kinematic parameters of pelvis, hip, knee and ankle for the group of children with CP pre-operative and at medium-term FU.
Timing |
Statistics |
||
pre-op |
> 1.5yr FU |
||
CP (n = 9) |
CP (n = 9) |
||
Mean ± 1SD |
Mean ± 1SD |
p-value |
|
cadence (1/s) |
2.04 ± 0.33 |
1.82 ± 0.30 |
≤ 0.001* |
stride length (m) |
0.43 ± 0.09 |
0.42 ± 0.10 |
0.553 |
walking velocity (m/s) |
0.88 ± 0.21 |
0.78 ± 0.22 |
0.028* |
Pelvis |
|||
Mean pelvic tilt (°) |
17.82 ± 4.53 |
17.58 ± 4.31 |
0.915 |
ROM pelvic tilt (°) |
9.79 ± 2.64 |
7.00 ± 1.74 |
0.011* |
ROM pelvic obliquity (°) |
11.22 ± 4.58 |
11.05 ± 1.96 |
0.89 |
Mean pelvic rotation (°) |
-0.29 ± 0.65 |
0.22 ± 0.64 |
0.066 |
ROM pelvic rotation (°) |
15.29 ± 5.49 |
18.38 ± 3.51 |
0.087 |
Hip |
|||
max hip extension during stance phase (°) |
4.34 ± 3.16 |
4.50 ± 355 |
0.878 |
Max hip rotation (°) |
18.83 ± 6.67 |
12.89 ± 8.84 |
0.025* |
min hip rotation (°) |
-0.75 ± 6.01 |
-10.89 ± 10.59 |
0.010* |
Knee |
|||
Max knee extension in stance phase (°) |
18.33 ± 8.45 |
10.12 ± 7.15 |
0.075 |
Timing max knee extension (%) |
29.47 ± 5.24 |
36.17 ± 5.32 |
0.026* |
Max knee flexion during swing (°) |
59.87 ± 5.95 |
62.13 ± 8.24 |
0.582 |
timing max knee flexion during swing (%) |
77.16 ± 4.36 |
75.47 ± 4.36 |
0.088 |
ROM knee flexion (°) |
41.54 ± 10.08 |
52.01 ± 9.25 |
0.057 |
Angle at initial contact (°) |
31.99 ± 8.09 |
23.22 ± 7.45 |
0.011* |
Ankle |
|||
Max ankle dorsiflexion during stance phase (°) |
14.36 ± 7.31 |
18.13 ± 2.94 |
0.173 |
MAPS and GPS |
|
||
MAPS pelvic tilt (°) |
8.10 ± 3.28 |
6.99 ± 3.60 |
0.555 |
MAPS hip flexion (°) |
13.55 ± 2.13 |
11.38 ± 2.81 |
0.21 |
MAPS knee flexion (°) |
18.34 ± 5.29 |
14.31 ± 5.78 |
0.059 |
MAPS ankle dorsiflexion (°) |
10.24 ± 3.43 |
9.98 ± 2.22 |
0.853 |
MAPS pelvic obliquity (°) |
3.36 ± 1.23 |
3.25 ± 0.72 |
0.797 |
MAPS hip abduction (°) |
4.91 ± 1.14 |
4.90 ± 0.94 |
0.985 |
MAPS pelvic rotation (°) |
6.24 ± 3.02 |
6.52 ± 2.68 |
0.797 |
MAPS hip rotation (°) |
12.88 ± 3.11 |
10.86 ± 4.08 |
0.187 |
MAPS foot progression (°) |
14.30 ± 312.58 |
8.92 ± 3.30 |
0.314 |
GPS (°) |
12.35 ± 2.80 |
9.70 ± 2.20 |
0.021* |
GPS sagittal (°) |
13.56 ± 2.60 |
11.47 ± 2.58 |
0.84 |
GPS coronal (°) |
4.30 ± 1.00 |
4.21 ± 0.80 |
0.802 |
GPS transverse (°) |
12.77 ± 6.45 |
9.30 ± 3.13 |
0.11 |
*P < 0.05; ROM: Range of Motion; max: Maximal; min: Minimal; MAPS: Movement Analysis Profile Score; GPS: Gait Profile Score.