Table 2: Selected mean (± 1SD) of gait and kinematic parameters of pelvis, hip, knee and ankle for the group of children with HSP pre-operative, after short-and middle-term FU.
Timing
|
Statistic
|
|||||
Pre-op |
< 1.5 yr FU |
> 1.5 yr FU |
< 1.5 yr FU |
> 1.5yr FU |
> 1.5yr FU |
|
HSP (n = 15) |
HSP (n = 15) |
HSP (n = 9) |
vs. pre-op |
vs. pre-op |
vs. < 1.5 yr FU |
|
Mean ± 1SD |
Mean ± 1SD |
Mean ± 1SD |
p-value |
p-value |
p-value |
|
Gait measures |
||||||
Cadence (1/s) |
1.89 ± 0.38 |
1.62 ± 0.53 |
1.81 ± 0.37 |
0.013* |
0.375 |
0.678 |
Stride length (m) |
0.64 ± 0.52 |
0.57 ± 0.41 |
0.68 ± 0.35 |
0.064 |
0.953 |
0.441 |
Walking velocity (m/s) |
0.86 ± 0.24 |
0.68 ± 0.29 |
0.87 ± 0.29 |
0.016* |
0.678 |
0.214 |
Pelvis |
||||||
Mean pelvic tilt (°) |
17.79 ± 5.29 |
16.63 ± 9.78 |
19.60 ± 3.69 |
0.733 |
0.953 |
0.441 |
ROM pelvic tilt (°) |
10.16 ± 3.67 |
8.40 ± 3.30 |
8.60 ± 3.02 |
0.009* |
0.515 |
0.021* |
ROM pelvic obliquity (°) |
11.45 ± 5.38 |
8.69 ± 3.06 |
9.66 ± 3.24 |
0.047* |
0.173 |
0.11 |
Mean pelvic rotation (°) |
0.10 ± 0.39 |
-0.19 ± 0.17 |
0.05 ± 0.39 |
0.865 |
0.594 |
0.441 |
ROM pelvic rotation (°) |
22.13 ± 9.18 |
20.35 ± 7.65 |
16.66 ± 6.67 |
0.427 |
0.11 |
0.214 |
Hip |
||||||
Max hip extension during stance (°) |
5.39 ± 15.67 |
2.43 ± 13.88 |
0.12 ± 11.06 |
0.394 |
0.767 |
0.953 |
Max hip rotation (°) |
18.53 ± 6.27 |
7.09 ± 10.22 |
9.61 ± 6.49 |
0.003** |
0.008* |
0.594 |
Min hip rotation (°) |
-4.01 ± 7.64 |
-15.31 ± 8.57 |
-15.55 ± 7.56 |
0.006* |
0.011* |
0.859 |
Angle at initial contact (°) |
47.02 ± 8.38 |
40.48 ± 11.03 |
41.17 ± 8.08 |
0.053 |
0.11 |
0.26 |
Knee |
||||||
Max knee extension during stance (°) |
19.79 ± 22.21 |
3.28 ± 9.66 |
4.55 ± 7.23 |
0.015* |
0.26 |
0.953 |
Timing max knee extension (%) |
31.65 ± 9.33 |
32.59 ± 9.64 |
32.68 ± 8.29 |
0.955 |
0.515 |
0.515 |
Max knee flexion during swing (°) |
62.12 ± 9.49 |
54.13 ± 7.70 |
58.19 ± 8.68 |
0.020* |
0.374 |
0.314 |
Timing max knee flexion (%) |
80.10 ± 4.72 |
79.03 ± 5.66 |
76.10 ± 3.58 |
0.363 |
0.214 |
0.594 |
ROM knee flexion (°) |
42.33 ± 21.32 |
50.85 ± 13.39 |
53.64 ± 9.14 |
0.125 |
0.374 |
0.953 |
Angle at initial contact (°) |
37.02 ± 16.35 |
19.83 ± 11.63 |
20.36 ± 9.55 |
0.002** |
0.051 |
0.678 |
Ankle |
||||||
Max ankle dorsiflexion during stance (°) |
12.58 ± 17.50 |
13.80 ± 6.59 |
14.74 ± 6.94 |
0.865 |
0.859 |
0.953 |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ROM: Range of Motion; max: Maximal; min: Minimal.