Table 1: Summary of HPV gene functions [10].

Gene Product

Function

Activities

E1

Replication of viral genome

DNA-binding activity, helicase activity, ATPase

E2

Transcription of viral genes

Replication and maintenance of viral genome

Transactivation/Transrepression, DNA-binding activity, DNA segregation in mitotic cell

E4

Unknown

Destruction of keratin network, induction of G2M arrest of cell cycle

E5

Possibly involved in proliferation and/or inhibition of apoptosis

Affection of cellular signaling pathway

E6

Reactivation of cellular replication mechanisms

Proliferation, immortalization, inhibition of apoptosis

Maintenance of viral genome

Interactions with various cellular proteins

E7

Reactivation of cellular replication mechanisms

Proliferation, genomic instability, inhibition of apoptosis

Maintenance of viral genome

Interactions with various cellular proteins

L1

Major capsid protein

 

L2

Minor capsid protein