Quiz results before and after instruction.

Table 3: Quiz results before and after instruction.

95% Confidence interval for Mean
Group and quiz		N	Mean score	SD	Lower bound	Upper bound	Min score	Max score	P value before and after instruction
1	Before instruction	43	35.77	11.753	32.15	39.38	13	62	P < 0.001
1	After instruction	43	58.79	13.684	54.58	63.00	30	87	P < 0.001
2	Before instruction	44	35.39	10.771	32.11	38.66	12	57	P < 0.001
2	After instruction	44	51.84	14.870	47.32	56.36	25	86	P < 0.001
3	Before instruction	32	32.63	10.289	28.92	36.33	19	69	P < 0.001
3	After instruction	32	67.94	13.926	62.92	72.96	40	93	P < 0.001
4	Before instruction	31	33.48	9.664	29.94	37.03	15	63	P < 0.001
4	After instruction	31	66.58	14.160	61.39	71.77	39	96	P < 0.001

A significant increase in mean, minimal and maximal quiz scores is evident in all four groups two weeks after the instruction, compared to initial results. The final scores of groups 3 and 4 (receiving a focused lecture and a hands-on demonstration, respectively) are significantly higher (p = 0.000) than in groups 1 (standard lecture) and 2 (flyer).