Name of Researcher & Year

Aims of the study

Design

Setting

Characteristics of respondents

Non-pharmacological interventions

Outcome

Strength

Implication

Kao, et al. [25]

To measure effects of exercise education intervention on the patients’ behavior, depression, and fatigue status

A quasi experimental design

Taiwan, Nephrology outpatients clinic

94 patients,

45 intervention and

49 control.

Dialysis > 6 month

Average age 71.18 years

exercise education

Duration of 12 weeks

2x-4x/month education for 90 minutes

Measuring instruments: FS

Interventions based on education have an effect on lowering fatigue

Number of samples quasi experimental

Exercise programs using methods that are limited to intervention group health education, The research time is 3 months.

Zhianfar, et al.

[27]

To measure the effectiveness of a Multifaceted Educational Intervention to patients’ Quality of Life

A randomized controlled trial (RCT)

North Iran,

Two hemodialysis wards

70 patients

35 interventions 35 control.

Dialysis > 3 month

Age 40-60 years

Educational Enhance Therapeutic Regimen

Duration 12 weeks by 2x/week for 90 minutes

Measuring instruments: SF - 36

Education based Intervention increases QOL

Multifaceted intervention, randomized controlled trial

Therapeutic interventions given in the short term, The data Collection instrument used has the potential to be a source of bias

Muz & Tasci [24]

To investigate the effect of Aromatherapy via Inhalation on the Sleep Quality and Fatigue Level in People Undergoing Hemodialysis

A randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Turkey, Five HD units in two cities

62 patients, 27 interventions and 35 controls

Dialysis > 3 month Average age 52.6 years

Aromatherapy via Inhalation

Duration of 4 weeks with 1x a week for 2 minutes

Measuring instruments:

'LL

PFS

Aromatherapy Based Interventions have an effect on lowering fatigue

Number of research places

Individual sleep and fatigue levels were only measured for 1 month

Mohammadpou

Rhdokie, et al. [28]

The measure the effect of Aromatherapy Massage with Lavender and Citrus Aurantium Essential Oil on Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic kidney disease

A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Iran,

Hemodialysis ward, April- July 2019

105 patients

2 interdependence,

1 control consisting of 35 patients

Dialysis > 3 month

Average age 50.42 years

Aromatherapy Massage

Duration 4 weeks by 3x a week for 20 minutes

Measuring instruments: Survey SF-36

Aromatherapy and massage based

Interventions have an effect on increasing QOL

Sum Respond

Randomized controlled

There is no provision as to whether aromatherapy massage treatments have long term effects

Varaei, et al.

[23]

To compare the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue in hemodialysis patients

A randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Iran, HD in Three teaching hospitals

96 patients 2 interventions, 1 control consists of 32 patients

Dialysis > 1 years

Ages 41-59

inhalation and massage aromatherapy

duration of 16 weeks with 3x a week for 20 minutes

Measuring instruments: Rothen Fatigue Scale

Aromatherapy and massage based

interventions

that have the

effect of

reducing

Fatigue

Number of research places

Randomized controlled

Unable to verify accuracy of patient response to fatigue

Chang, et al . [22]

The measure effectiveness of intradialytic leg ergometry exercise for improving sedentary life style and fatigue among patients with chronic kidney disease

A randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Northern Taiwan, Two hemodialysis units

71 patients, 36

interventions, 35 controls

Dialysis > 3 month

Average age 50.8  years

intradialytic leg ergometry exercise

Duration 8 weeks with 3x a week for 30 minutes

Measuring instrument: Fatigue Scale

Exercise- based intervention lowers fatigue

Intervention security

Study was a single site with a small sample size which limits its generalizability

Figueiredo, et al. [29]

To investigate the

effects of the

inspiratory muscle

training and aerobic

training on the quality

of life in hemodialysis

patient

A randomized

controlled

trial (RCT)

Brazil,

Hemodialysi

s ward

January or

december,

2015

37 patients

3 groups 11 CT, 13

AT, & 13 CT

Dialysis > 3 month

Average age 52.8

years

inspiratory muscle

training and aerobic

training

Duration 8-16 weeks

with 3x a week for 180

minutes

Measuring instrument:

KDQOL-SF 36

Intervention

based on

muscle

training and

aerobic

training

increasing

effect on QOL

First study that

combined the

effects of BMI

and aerobic

training

randomized

controlled

The volume

and

capacity of

the lungs

were not

evaluated

for the rate

of

respiratory

distress in

the sample

Shahdadi, et al. [20]

To measure the effect

of slow stroke back

massage on fatigue in

patients undergoing

hemodialysis

A randomized

controlled trial (RCT)

Iran,

Hemodialysi

s ward

52 patients

26 interventions,

26 controls

Dialysis > 6 month

Average age 47

Slow stroke back

massage

Duration of 4 weeks

with 2x a week for 10

minutes

Measuring

instruments:

Fatigue Severity Scale

Intervention

based

massage

lowers fatigue

randomized

controlled

Small

sample size

which limits

its generalizability.

Chang, et al. [22]

To investigate the

effects of a Tai Chi

exercise intervention

on the quality of life of

patients receiving

hemodialysis

Pre-post

experimental

design

Taiwan, a

hemodialysis

unit

46 patients: a

control group

(n = 25) and an

intervention group

(n = 21).

Older than 20 years

old

A weekly Tai chi was

conducted for 12

weeks

Measures: KDQOL

Interventions

based to

improve QOL

Pre-post

experimental

study

The five

dimensions

of the

KDQOL are

significantly

higher in

the

intervention group,

except the

SF-12

physical

health

score

Bullen, et al.

[26]

To investigate the

effect of Acupuncture

or Massage on Health-

Related Quality of Life

of Hemodialysis

Patients

A quasi experimental

Pre–posttest

design

USA

Unit (HD)

101 patients

80 patients were

selected for

massage and 21

were selected for

acupuncture

Dialysis > 1 years

Average age 57.6

years

Acupuncture or

Massage

Duration 8 weeks with

1x a week for 20

minutes

Measuring instrument:

Survey PROMIS

Intervention

based

acupuncture

and massage

effect on

increasing

QOL

Therapy is given

early HD

The therapies

have licensed

single

center

study and

lacked

randomization and

blinding

Ahmadidarrehsi

Ma, et al. [21]

To measure the effect

of foot reflexology and

slow stroke back

massage (SSBM) on the

severity of fatigue in

patients undergoing

hemodialysis

A randomized

controlled

trial (RCT)

Iran,

Dialysis

Center

52 patient,

26 SSBM & 26 foot

reflexology

Dialysis > 6 month

Average age 47.04

years

foot reflexology and

slow stroke back

massage

Duration 4 weeks with

2x a week for 30

minutes

Measuring instrument:

FSC

Intervention

based

massage

lowers fatigue

Participant

random

New research

with a

combination of

SSBM and foot

reflexology

Further

research is

needed to

be able to

implement

broader

interventions

Lazarus, et al.

[19]

The investigate the

effects of an olive-oil

massage on

hemodialysis patients

suffering from fatigue

at a hemodialysis unit

A randomized

controlled

trial (RCT)

India,

Unit HD

200 patients,

100 interventions

100 control

Dialysis > 6 month

Age > 50 years

olive-oil massage

Duration of 8 weeks is

done before HD and

during HD 4 hours

Measuring

instruments:

Fatigue Severity Scale

Intervention

based

massage

lowers fatigue

randomized

controlled

Number of

patients

It is not

clear the

detailed

timing of

the intervention

Chou & Sohng

[18]

The measure the effect

of a Virtual Reality

Exercise Program on

Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and

Fatigue in

Hemodialysis Patients

Semi

experimental

pretest-

South Korea.

Dialysis

Clinic posttest

design

46 patients,

32 interventions,

23 controls

Dialysis > 3 month

Average age 57.7-60.8 years

Virtual Reality Exercise

Program Duration 8 weeks by 3x

a week for 40 minutes

Measuring

instruments:

Novel Fatigue Scale for

Hemodialysis

Exercise based

intervention

lowers fatigue

Intervention

security

Because

VREP is

relatively

new and doesn't

have many

clinical

studies of

precedent

Kaplan Serin &

Ovayulo [17]

The investigate the

effect of Progressive

Relaxation Exercises on

Pain, Fatigue, and

Quality of Life in

Dialysis Patients

randomized,

controlled,

and experimental

Turkey,

Two hospital

Unit HD

96 patients: 48

control and 48

intervention

Dialysis > 6 month

Age > 55 years old

Relaxation Exercises

Duration of 6 weeks

with 1x per week for

30-40 minutes

Measuring

instruments:

Piper Fatigue Scale

SF-36

Relaxation

based

interventions

lower fatigue

and increase

QOL

randomized,

controlled

intervention

security

longer

periods and

larger

sample

groups