Table 3: SEM-model. Direct, indirect, and total effects between the latent constructs Teacher-Support, Intrinsic Motivation, Study-effort, and Learning.
Constructs |
Hypothesis |
Direct effects |
Hypothesis |
Indirect effects |
Total effects |
|||
|
parameter |
estimate |
t-value |
|
estimate |
t-value |
estimate |
t-value |
Learning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IM |
- |
- |
- |
|
.08** |
2.60 |
.08** |
2.60 |
SE |
2β 1,4 (H4) |
.41** |
6.95 |
|
- |
- |
.41** |
6.95 |
TS |
1γ 1,1 (H1) |
.54** |
8.25 |
(H6) |
.02* |
2.26 |
.56** |
8.44 |
IM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TS |
β3,2 (H2) |
.29** |
3.97 |
|
- |
- |
.29** |
3.97 |
SE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IM |
β1,3 (H3) |
.19** |
2.80 |
|
- |
- |
.19** |
2.80 |
TS |
|
|
|
(H5) |
0.06* |
2.37 |
0.06* |
2.37 |
Note: *Significant at the 5% level, **Significant at 1% level. Listwise N = 305, Missing N=24 (7.3%).
TS = Teacher-support; IM = Intrinsic motivation; SE = Study-effort; Learning = Perceived learning.
1Gamma (γ); standardized regression coefficients representing direct relationships between the independent and dependent latent constructs.
2Beta (β); standardized regression coefficients representing direct relationships between the dependent latent constructs.