Table 6: PSQI score distribution according to some characteristics of pregnant women.
PSQI-Subscales** |
|||||||||
Variables (analysis) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Global Score |
|
Education |
z |
0.33 |
2.18 |
1.78 |
3.01 |
0.85 |
1.44 |
0.56 |
1.13 |
p |
0.847 |
0.335 |
0.408 |
0.223 |
0.652 |
0.484 |
0.754 |
0.566 |
|
Age |
z |
6.57* |
4.07 |
5.71* |
8.17* |
7.96* |
2.60 |
4.86 |
6.10* |
p |
0.034 |
0.252 |
0.074 |
0.042 |
0.046 |
0.456 |
0.182 |
0.011 |
|
Social support |
U |
4.98* |
0.85 |
1.09 |
1.81 |
1.90 |
0.47 |
0.44 |
1.21 |
p |
0.045 |
0.652 |
0.579 |
0.403 |
0.385 |
0.788 |
0.801 |
0.545 |
|
Income |
z |
1.28 |
9.23* |
5.9* |
1.75 |
1.05 |
0.75 |
0.84 |
5.05 |
p |
0.526 |
0.009 |
0.004 |
0.415 |
0.591 |
0.685 |
0.655 |
0.069 |
|
Chronic diseases |
U |
-1.80 |
-0.91 |
-2.30* |
-1.72 |
-2.47* |
-0.61 |
-2.59* |
-2.63* |
p |
0.072 |
0.363 |
0.021 |
0.085 |
0.014 |
0.540 |
0.009 |
0.008 |
|
Obesity |
z |
5.83* |
0.80 |
6.16* |
9.86* |
5.87* |
1.18 |
2.19 |
7.14* |
p |
0.050 |
0.668 |
0.046 |
0.007 |
0.005 |
0.55 |
0.333 |
0.019 |
|
Gestational age |
z |
20.37* |
6.30* |
9.53* |
11.06* |
14.76* |
2.98 |
6.84* |
19.83* |
p |
0.0001 |
0.041 |
0.009 |
0.004 |
0.0001 |
0.225 |
0.044 |
0.0001 |
|
Gravida |
z |
0.14 |
6.35* |
3.22 |
1.67 |
1.57 |
2.81 |
2.08 |
4.06 |
p |
0.147 |
0.042 |
0.201 |
0.433 |
0.45 |
0.245 |
0.352 |
0.135 |
|
Parity |
z |
3.24 |
7.72* |
5.33 |
4.67 |
0.88 |
2.69 |
2.47 |
5.76 |
p |
0.125 |
0.021 |
0.063 |
0.126 |
0.65 |
0.261 |
0.291 |
0.052 |
|
Pregnancy Relatedproblems |
z |
-8.45* |
-7.00* |
-5.64* |
-5.76* |
-7.20* |
-1.08 |
-6.45* |
-9.31* |
p |
0.0001 |
0.0001 |
0.0001 |
0.0001 |
0.0001 |
0.279 |
0.0001 |
0.0001 |
|
Smoking
|
U |
-1.72 |
-2.58* |
-1.36 |
-0.63 |
-2.26* |
-0.45 |
-1.87 |
-2.05* |
p |
0.085 |
0.010 |
0.174 |
0.527 |
0.024 |
0.653 |
0.062 |
0.040 |
|
Drinking Tea
|
U |
7.86* |
5.75 |
0.62 |
5.35 |
3.96 |
2.29 |
6.83 |
6.60 |
p |
0.050 |
0.190 |
0.892 |
0.152 |
0.266 |
0.513 |
0.077 |
0.086 |
|
Exercises |
U |
-2.46* |
-0.26 |
-1.50 |
-2.24* |
-1.23 |
-0.64 |
-1.22 |
-1.98* |
p |
0.014 |
0.797 |
0.133 |
0.025 |
0.220 |
0.521 |
0.221 |
0.048 |
|
Antenatal care |
U |
13.00* |
4.655 |
9.422* |
5.838 |
8.221 |
2.81 |
4.702 |
11.804* |
p |
0.005 |
0.199 |
0.024 |
0.121 |
0.140 |
0.497 |
0.195 |
0.006 |
*Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis analysis, p < 0.05; **PSQI subscales; 1 = Sleep quality; 2 = Sleep latency; 3 = Sleep duration; 4 = Sleep efficiency; 5 = Sleep disturbance; 6 = Sleep medication; and 7 = Daytime function.