Table 6: PSQI score distribution according to some characteristics of pregnant women.

PSQI-Subscales**

Variables (analysis)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Global

Score

Education

z

0.33

2.18

1.78

3.01

0.85

1.44

0.56

1.13

p

0.847

0.335

0.408

0.223

0.652

0.484

0.754

0.566

Age

z

6.57*

4.07

5.71*

8.17*

7.96*

2.60

4.86

6.10*

p

0.034

0.252

0.074

0.042

0.046

0.456

0.182

0.011

Social support

U

4.98*

0.85

1.09

1.81

1.90

0.47

0.44

1.21

p

0.045

0.652

0.579

0.403

0.385

0.788

0.801

0.545

Income

z

1.28

9.23*

5.9*

1.75

1.05

0.75

0.84

5.05

p

0.526

0.009

0.004

0.415

0.591

0.685

0.655

0.069

Chronic diseases

U

-1.80

-0.91

-2.30*

-1.72

-2.47*

-0.61

-2.59*

-2.63*

p

0.072

0.363

0.021

0.085

0.014

0.540

0.009

0.008

Obesity

z

5.83*

0.80

6.16*

9.86*

5.87*

1.18

2.19

7.14*

p

0.050

0.668

0.046

0.007

0.005

0.55

0.333

0.019

Gestational age

z

20.37*

6.30*

9.53*

11.06*

14.76*

2.98

6.84*

19.83*

p

0.0001

0.041

0.009

0.004

0.0001

0.225

0.044

0.0001

Gravida

z

0.14

6.35*

3.22

1.67

1.57

2.81

2.08

4.06

p

0.147

0.042

0.201

0.433

0.45

0.245

0.352

0.135

Parity

z

3.24

7.72*

5.33

4.67

0.88

2.69

2.47

5.76

p

0.125

0.021

0.063

0.126

0.65

0.261

0.291

0.052

Pregnancy

Relatedproblems

z

-8.45*

-7.00*

-5.64*

-5.76*

-7.20*

-1.08

-6.45*

-9.31*

p

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.279

0.0001

0.0001

Smoking

 

U

-1.72

-2.58*

-1.36

-0.63

-2.26*

-0.45

-1.87

-2.05*

p

0.085

0.010

0.174

0.527

0.024

0.653

0.062

0.040

Drinking

Tea

 

U

7.86*

5.75

0.62

5.35

3.96

2.29

6.83

6.60

p

0.050

0.190

0.892

0.152

0.266

0.513

0.077

0.086

Exercises

U

-2.46*

-0.26

-1.50

-2.24*

-1.23

-0.64

-1.22

-1.98*

p

0.014

0.797

0.133

0.025

0.220

0.521

0.221

0.048

Antenatal care

U

13.00*

4.655

9.422*

5.838

8.221

2.81

4.702

11.804*

p

0.005

0.199

0.024

0.121

0.140

0.497

0.195

0.006

*Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis analysis, p < 0.05; **PSQI subscales; 1 = Sleep quality; 2 = Sleep latency; 3 = Sleep duration; 4 = Sleep efficiency; 5 = Sleep disturbance; 6 = Sleep medication; and 7 = Daytime function.