AD

PD

Dementia

Affected Region/Cause:

·         Extensive neuronal loss that leads to brain tissue atrophy.

·         Neurofibrillary tangles in the neocortex and hippocampus [7].

·         Extracellular amyloid- (Aβ) deposits, senile plaques and amyloid plaques [8].

·         Neuron degeneration and loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta in the midbrain [9,10].

·         Like AD and PD, Dementia is also an aging issue, but loss of neural cells due to some neurotoxic agents, external brain injury is also prevalent.

Symptoms:

·         Progressive memory loss.

·         Affects cognitive functions such as communication and movement [11].

·         The clinical manifestations of PD are bradykinesia, resting tremor and postural instability [11].

·         Getting lost

·         Trouble with complex but familiar tasks, like fixing a meal or paying bills

·         Personality changes, like depression, agitation, paranoia, and mood swing

Age of Onset:

·         Late-onset variety-symptoms first appear in mid-60s. Early-onset AD begin between a peson’s 30s and mid-60s [12].

·         The average age of Parkinson’s disease is 56.

·         Around 4 percent of Parkinson’s patients are diagnosed before the age of 50.

·         The youngest recorded case of Parkinson’s was a 12-year-old patient [13].

·         Dementia is commonly found in people over the age of 65. However, it can affect people in their 30s, 40s, or 50s [14].

Prognosis:

·         Prognosis Dementia (Irreversible loss memory)[12]

·         Prognosis Dementia (Irreversible loss memory)[13]

·         Dementia is a severe disease with a poor prognosis. Mortality risks are estimated to be at least two times higher than mortality risks in non-demented patients [15]

·         It is expected that Dementia will be among the leading causes of death in the near future instead of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [16,17]