Factors affecting aging

Effects

Type of Aging

References

Cathepsin B, D and L

Decrease in dopamine receptor and accumulation of lipofuscin

Neurodegeneration

[8,20,21,35]

Cathepsin K, S, V

Skin aging with structural-functional changes in extracellular matrix

Elastin degeneration

[115]

Cathepsin K

Angiogenesis

Cardiovasular disease

[116]

Cathepsin S

Diurnal variation in strength of neurons

CNS inflammation and aging, post menopausal osteoporosis

[33,117]

Cathepsin X

Regulates brain functions via gamma enolase

Neuroinflammation

[33]

Cathepsin C

Neutrophils recruitment and production of chemokines and cytokines

CNS inflammation and aging

[118]

Cathepsin E

Lipofusinogenesis and altered APP metabolism

Neurodegeneration

[20,39]

NSCs

Accumulation of protein aggregates and decrease in lysosomal function

Neurodegeneration

[119]

LSDs

Accumulation of lysosomal material

Neurodegeneration

[19]

Decreased activity of GBA

Elevated level of alpha-synuclein

Parkinson’s disease

[53]

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase complex

Lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy regulation

Control life span in worms

[57]

Stored amino acids and metals

Change in intralysosomal pH

Aging

[59-61]