Risk of bias and applicability assessment of included studies using a modified QUADAS-2 tool.

Table 3: Risk of bias and applicability assessment of included studies using a modified QUADAS-2 tool.

Study	Patient Selection	Index Test	Reference Standard	Flow & Timing	Risk of Bias	Applicability Concerns
Conlon_2001	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Uzu_2002	High	Low	Low	Low	High	Moderate
Ghaffari_2009	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Filiberto_2023	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Liang_2012	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Schulte-Kemna_2015	High	Moderate	Moderate	High	High	High

Low: Low Risk of Bias; Moderate: Some Concerns; High: High Risk of Bias