Study #

Study

Country

Design

N

Age (years)

Male (%)

Hypertension (%)

Diabetes (%)

CAD (%)

CKD (%)

Bilateral RAS (n, %)

RAS Definition

Notes

1

Conlon, 2001 [6]

USA /

Ireland

Prospective cohort

3987

NR

NR

High prevalence

NR

Present

Elevated creatinine

33 (0.8%)

≥ 75% stenosis

Angiography cohort

2

Uzu, 2002 [7]

Japan

Prospective cohort

44

74.8 ± 8.0

84

100

38

30

100

13 (29.5%)

≥ 75% stenosis

CKD +

atherosclerosis cohort

3

Ghaffari, 2009 [8]

Iran

Cross-sectional

732

59 ± 9.7

43.2

100

28.4

59.3

NR

37 (5.1%)

≥ 50% (severe

≥ 75%)

Hypertensive CAD population

4

Filiberto, 2023 [9]

USA

Retrospective cohort

161

73

60

100

0

20

60

10 (6.2%)

≥ 50% stenosis

Vascular surgery cohort

5

Liang, 2012 [10]

China

Observational

151

Stratified

NR

Higher in RAS

NR

100

Excluded severe CKD

15 (9.9%)

≥ 50% (subgroup

≥ 70%)

CABG candidates

6

Schulte-Kemma, 2015 [11]

Croatia

Longitudinal

52

NR

NR

Present

NR

Some

NR

NR

NR

Renovascular HTN cohort