Sl. No

Fermented food (local name)

Substrate/Raw material

Sensory attributes, Nature, and use

Probiotic

Major consumer States in India

Reference

1

Kinema

Soybean

Alkaline, Sticky, flavoured; curry

Bacillus subtilis

Darjeeling hills and Sikkim

Sarkar, et al., [33]

Tamang [34]

2

Hawaijar

Soybean

Alkaline, Sticky, flavoured; side-dish

Bacillus sp.

Manipur

Jeyaram, et al., [32]

Singh, et al., [35]

3

Tungrymbai

Soybean

Alkaline, Sticky, flavoured; curry

Bacillus sp.

Meghalaya

Chettri and Tamang [11]

4

Bekang

Soybean

Alkaline, Sticky, flavoured; side-dish

Bacillus sp.

Mizoram

Chettri and Tamang [11]

5

Aakhone

Soybean

Alkaline, sticky, paste, curry

Bacillus sp.

Mizoram

Singh, et al., [35]

6

Peruyaan

Soybean

Alkaline, sticky, side-dish

Bacillus sp.

Arunachal Pradesh

Singh, et al., [35]

7

Gundruk

Leafy vegetable

Dried, sour-acidic; soup, pickle

LAB

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al., [36]

Tamang, et al., [37]

8

Sinki

Radish tap-root

Dried, sour-acidic; soup, pickle

LAB

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al., [36]

Tamang, et al., [37]

9

Inziangsang

Mustard leaves

Dried, sour; soup, curry

LAB

Nagaland, Manipur

Tamang, et al., [37]

10

Khalpi

Cucumber

Sour; pickle

LAB

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Arunachal Pradesh

Tamang, et al., [36]

Tamang, et al., [37]

11

Mesu

Bamboo shoot

Sour; pickle

LAB

Darjeeling hills and Sikkim

Tamang, et al., [30]

12

Soibum

Bamboo shoot

Sour-acidic; curry

LAB

Manipur

K. Jeyaram, et al., [10]

13

Soidon

Bamboo shoot tips

Sour-acidic; curry

LAB

Manipur

K. Jeyaram, et al., [10]

14

Ekung

Bamboo shoot

Sour-acidic; curry, soup

LAB

Arunachal Pradesh

K. Jeyaram, et al., [10]

15

Eup

Bamboo shoot

Dry, acidic; curry, soup

LAB

Arunachal Pradesh

K. Jeyaram, et al., [10]

16

Hirring

Only tips of bamboo shoot

Sour-acidic; curry, soup

LAB

Arunachal Pradesh

K. Jeyaram, et al., [10]

17

Dahi

Cow milk

Curd, savoury

LAB, yeasts

Assam, Sikkim, Meghalaya,

Tripura

Tamang, et al., [31]

Jeyaram, et al., [38]

18

Chhurpi

Cow milk

Curry, pickle

LAB, yeasts

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al., [31]

19

Chhu/Sheden

Cow/Yak milk

Soft, strong flavoured; curry

LAB, yeasts

Sikkim, Darjeeling hills, Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh

Tamang, et al., [31]

20

Somar

Cow/Yak milk

Paste, flavoured; condiment

LAB

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al. [31]

21

Philu

Cow/Yak milk

Cream; fried curry with butter

LAB

Sikkim

Tamang, et al. [31]

22

Ngari

fish

Fermented fish; curry

LAB, yeasts

Manipur

Thapa, et al. [12]

23

Hentak

Fish and petioles of aroid plants

Fermented fish paste; curry

LAB, yeasts

Manipur

Thapa, et al. [12]

24

Tungtap

Fish

Fermented; pickle

LAB, yeasts

Meghalaya

Thapa, et al. [12]

25

Gnuchi

River fish

Smoked; curry

LAB, Bacillus, yeasts

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al. [14]

26

Suka ko Maacha

River fish

Smoked, sun-dried; curry

LAB, Bacillus, yeasts

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al. [14]

27

Sidra

Fish

Dried fish; curry

LAB, yeasts

Darjeeling hills, Sikkim

Tamang, et al. [14]

28

Sukuti

Fish

Dried fish; curry

LAB, yeasts

Nepalis

Tamang, et al. [14]

29

Hamei

Rice, wild herbs

Dry, ball-like, white starter, alcoholic beverage

Moulds, yeasts, LAB

Manipur, Sikkim

Tamang, et al. [31]

30

Marcha

Rice, wild herbs, spices

Dry, flattened ,ball-like, white starter, alcoholic beverage

Moulds, yeasts, LAB

Assam, Sikkim, Meghalaya,

Arunachal Pradesh

Tamang, et al. [31]

31

Humao

Rice, barks of wild plants

Dry, flat, cake-like starter

Moulds, yeasts, LAB

Manipur

Tamang, et al. [39]

32

Thiat

Rice-herbs

Dry, flattened, ball-like, white starter

Yeasts

Meghalaya

Tamang, et al. [39]

33

Khekhrii

Germinated rice

Starter to ferment zhuchu

Yeasts

Nagaland

Tamang, et al. [39]

34

Inziang-dui

Mustard leaves

Liquid, sour; condiment

LAB

Nagaland, Manipur

Tamang, et al. [3]

35

Anishi

Taro leaves

Fermented; sour; curry

LAB

Nagaland

Tamang, et al. [3]

36

Lung-siej

Bamboo shoot

Sour-acidic; curry

LAB

Meghalaya

Jeyaram, et al. [10]

Tamang, et al. [3]

37

Bastanga

Bamboo shoot

Sour-acidic; curry

LAB

Nagaland, Manipur

Tamang, et al. [3]

38

Miyamikhri

Bamboo shoot

wet, sour-acidic; curry

LAB

Assam, Nagaland

Tamang, et al. [3]

39

Soijim

Bamboo shoot

Liquid, sour; condiment

LAB

Manipur

Tamang, et al. [3]

40

Karati

Fish

Dried, salted; curry

LAB, yeasts

Assam

Tamang, et al. [3]

41

Bordia

Fish

Dried, salted; curry

LAB, yeasts

Assam

Tamang, et al. [3]

42

Lashim

Fish

Dried, salted; curry

LAB, yeasts

Assam

Tamang, et al. [3]