Outcomes among open, laparoscopic and robotic approaches adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics.

Table 3: Outcomes among open, laparoscopic and robotic approaches adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics.

	90-Day Major Complications (Clavien III-V)^a	Operating Room Time (minutes)^b	Length of Stay (days)^c	90-Day Readmissions^a
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Beta Coefficient (95% CI)	Incidence Risk Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Entire Cohort
Laparoscopic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Robotic	2.6 (1.2 to 5.6)^*	69 (21 to 117)^*	0.95 (0.8 to 1.2)	1.38 (0.6 to 3.3)

Multivariable models were used, adjusting for age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, insurance status, hospital type, location, size, region, and procedure type for ^a: Logistic regression, ^b: Generalized linear regression with a gamma distribution, and ^c: Negative binomial regression.

^*: p < 0.05; CI: confidence interval.