Table 2: Outcomes among open, laparoscopic and robotic approaches.

Laparoscopic

n = 829

Robotic

n = 488

90-Day Complication Rate, %a
Major (Clavien III - V) 12.7 21.5
Operating Room Time (minutes)b
Median (IQR) 252 (194.5) 363 (180)*
Length of Stay (days)c
Median (IQR) 6 (6) 6 (6)
90-Day Readmission Rate, %a 8.1 13.8

IQR: interquartile range; a: Chi-square test was used; b: Quantile regression analysis was used (reference group: laparoscopic approach); c: Negative binomial regression analysis was used (reference group: laparoscopic approach);

*: p < 0.05.