Table 3: Univariate and multivariate analyses.
Covariates |
Univariate |
Multivariate model 1 |
Multivariate model 2 |
||||||
|
P |
HR |
95%CI |
P |
HR |
95%CI |
P |
HR |
95%CI |
Log Age |
0.003 |
3.76 |
1.55-9.10 |
0.001 |
4.90* |
1.93-12.46 |
0.04 |
3.34* |
1.07-10.4 |
Sex Male |
0.001 |
1.91 |
1.31-2.78 |
< 0.001 |
2.13* |
1.45-3.12 |
0.05 |
1.54* |
1.00-2.38 |
Obesity |
0.01 |
1.61 |
1.10-2.34 |
0.006 |
1.69* |
1.16-2.46 |
0.002 |
1.88* |
1.25-2.83 |
Charlson index |
0.003 |
1.08 |
1.03-1.14 |
0.44 |
|
|
/ |
|
|
Number of comorbidities |
0.002 |
1.12 |
1.04-1.21 |
0.23 |
|
|
/ |
|
|
Any comorbidity |
0.02 |
1.81 |
1.12-2.93 |
0.47 |
|
|
/ |
|
|
Connective disease |
0.05 |
2.15 |
1.01-4.60 |
0.57 |
|
|
/ |
|
|
Hypertension |
0.03 |
1.43 |
1.03-1.98 |
0.85 |
|
|
/ |
|
|
Log SOFA score |
< 0.001 |
1.72 |
1.28-2.31 |
0.009 |
1.52 |
1.11-2.08 |
< 0.001 |
1.89* |
1.33-2.69 |
Log initial SpO2/FiO2 ratio |
< 0.001 |
0.32 |
0.26-0.39 |
< 0.001 |
0.36 |
0.29-0.44 |
< 0.001 |
0.35* |
0.28-0.43 |
Log N/L ratio |
< 0.001 |
1.99 |
1.63-2.45 |
< 0.001 |
1.85 |
1.51-2.28 |
0.006 |
1.36 |
1.09-1.69 |
Log D-dimer |
< 0.001 |
1.43 |
1.25-1.63 |
< 0.001 |
1.42 |
1.23-1.64 |
0.74 |
|
|
Log PCT |
< 0.001 |
1.51 |
1.37-1.66 |
< 0.001 |
1.46 |
1.32-1.62 |
0.004 |
1.23 |
1.07-1.41 |
Log CRP |
< 0.001 |
1.78 |
1.48-2.16 |
< 0.001 |
1.67 |
1.37-2.02 |
0.02 |
1.28 |
1.04-1.59 |
Log Ferritin |
0.001 |
1.56 |
1.20-2.01 |
0.005 |
1.52 |
1.14-2.03 |
0.26 |
|
|
Log HS troponin I |
< 0.001 |
1.25 |
1.14-1.36 |
< 0.001 |
1.25 |
1.13-1.39 |
0.03 |
1.13 |
1.01-1.27 |
Log Proteinuria |
< 0.001 |
1.77 |
1.32-2.37 |
< 0.001 |
1.75 |
1.29-2.37 |
0.004 |
1.62 |
1.17-2.24 |
Log Creatinine |
0.03 |
1.35 |
1.02-1.77 |
0.44 |
|
|
/ |
|
|
Log LDH |
< 0.001 |
3.85 |
2.77-5.34 |
< 0.001 |
3.56 |
2.52-5.01 |
< 0.001 |
2.31 |
1.54-3.46 |
Log Albumin |
0.02 |
0.31 |
0.12-0.82 |
0.06 |
0.38 |
0.14-1.05 |
0.44 |
|
|
Not-normal distributed variables were transformed into a logarithmic scale.
Multivariate Model 1: Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for: age, sex and obesity.
Multivariate Model 2: Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for: age, sex, obesity, SpO2/FiO2 ratio and SOFA score.
Abbreviations: N/L: Neutrophils/leucocytes ratio; PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; SpO2/FiO2: Oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment.