Total

(n = 423)

G1

(n = 135)

G2

(n = 8)

G3

(n = 214)

G4

(n = 66)

P

Age (years)

71 (59-80)

68 (57-77)^*

74 (66-82)

70 (59-80)

78 (69-84)^*

< 0.001

Sex (male) (n, %)

276 (65.2%)

91 (67.4)

6 (75.0)

132 (61.7)

47 (71.2)

0.42

BMI (Kg/m²)

26.4 (23.9-30.3)

26.1 (23.8-30.1)

28.4 (24.2-30.2)

26.8 (23.8-30.3)

26.2 (24.3-31.2)

0.86

Obesity (BMI > 30 Kg/m²) (n, %)

73 (17.3%)

21 (15.6)

2 (25.0)

34 (15.9)

16 (24.2)

0.37

Charlson index

4 (2-6)

3 (1-5)^*

5 (4-7)

4 (2-6)^§

5 (4-8)^*§

< 0.001

Comorbidities (n, %):

·                     Hypertension

·                     CVD^#

·                     DM

·                     Neoplasia

·                     COPD

·                     Asthma

·                     Hepatic disease

·                     CKD

222 (52.5)

82 (19.4)

86 (20.3)

61 (14.4)

50 (11.8)

16 (3.8)

5 (1.2)

38 (9.0)

71 (52.6)

25 (18.5)

21 (15.6)

14 (10.3)

13 (9.6)

5 (3.7)

0 (0)

11 (8.1)

5 (62.5)

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

2 (25.0)

1 (12.5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

107 (50.0)

36 (16.8)

50 (23.4)

23 (13.1)

20 (9.3)

6 (2.8)

3 (1.4)

19 (8.9)

39 (59.1)

20 (30.3)

14 (21.2)

17 (25.8)

16 (24.2)

5 (7.6)

3 (3.0)

8 (12.1)

0.57

0.10

0.65

0.02

0.01

0.32

0.29

0.63

Smoke (n, %)

50 (11.8)

13 (9.6)

0 (0)

25 (11.7)

12 (18.2)

0.24

Heart rate (bpm)

80 (74-90)

84 (76-95)

73 (70-89)

80 (72-90)

80 (71-90)

0.13

RR (breath per minute)

22 (20-26)

22 (19-28)

23 (19-25)

22 (20-26)

22 (20-26)

0.55

Fever (n, %)

273 (64.5)

69 (51.1)^*

4 (50)

148 (69.2)^§

52 (78.8)^*§

< 0.001

Temperature (°C)

38.0 (37.2-38.7)

37.8 (37.1-38.6)

37.6 (26.8-38.3)

38.0 (37.2-38.7)

38.0 (37.2-38.7)

0.80

SOFA score

1 (1-2)

1 (1-2)

2 (1-3)

1 (1-2)

2 (1-2)

0.06

SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio at the admission

296 (175-442)

312 (149-442)^*

342 (138-442)

328 (245-447)^§

228 (123-310)^*§

< 0.001

Lowest peak of SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio

201 (97-332)

211 (94-339)^*

97 (88-208)

237 (104-235)^§

100 (94-179)^*§

< 0.001

Onset of symptoms (days)

7 (4-10)

7 (5-10)^

4 (3-5)^^**

7 (4-10)^**

6 (4-10)

0.02

Oxygen support (n, %)

347 (82)

97 (71.9)^*°

6 (75.0)

178 (83.6)°^§

66 (98.5)^*§

< 0.001

Day from hospitalization to treatment

1 (0-3)

/

3 (1-6)

0 (0-1)^§

3 (1-6)^§

< 0.001

Day from hospitalization to climax

2 (0-5)

2 (0-4)^*

5 (1-10)

2 (1-4)^§

5 (2-8)^*§

< 0.001

ICU with mechanical ventilation (n, %)

64 (15.1)

40 (29.6)^*°

1 (12.5)

16 (7.5)°

7 (10.6)^*

< 0.001

Death for all causes (n, %)

87 (20.6)

24 (17.8)^*

4 (50.0)

38 (17.7)^§

21 (31.8)^*§

0.01

Treatment failure (n, %)

151 (35.7)

64 (47.4)°

5 (62.5)

54 (25.2)°^§

28 (42.4)^§

< 0.001