Cyanobacteria

Compounds

Mechanism of action

Virus

In vitro/In vivo

Reference

Arthrospira platensis

calcium spirulan

Inhibition of cytopathic effects and syncytium formation

HSV-1 and HIV-1

In vitro (MT-4,19 Molt-4 clone No. 8,20 cells, Molt-4/HTLV-IIIB21 cells and HeLa cells)

(Hayashi et al., 1996)

Arthrospira maxima

Polysaccharide

Inhibition of virus absorption and penetration

HSV-1, HSV-2, pseudorabies virus, and human cytomegalovirus

In vitro

(Hernández-Corona et al., 2002)

Nostoc flagelliforme

Acidic polysaccharide (nostoflan)

Inhibition of virus absorption

Influenza A virus, HSV-1, HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus

In vitro (Vero, HEL, MDCK, and HeLa cells)

(Kanekiyo et al., 2005)

Arthrospira platensis

Polysaccharide (spirulan-like molecules)

Inhibition of viral entry and protein synthesis

Human cytomegalovirus, HSV-1, human herpesvirus type 6 and HIV-1

In vitro (Primary human foreskin fibroblasts, Vero, 293T cells and MDCK cells)

(Rechter et al., 2006)

Arthrospira platensis

Anionic exopolysaccharide (TK V3)

Inhibition of entry

Vaccinia virus and Ectromelia virus

In vitro (HEp-2 cells and Vero cells)

(Radonić et al., 2011)