Microalga

Compounds

Mechanism of action

Virus

In vitro/In vivo

Reference

Cochlodinium polykrikoides

Sulfated polysaccharide

Inhibition of cytopathic effects

Respiratory syncytial virus (A and B), Influenza virus (A and B), HIV-1

In vitro

(HEp-2 cells, MDCK cells, MT-4 cells)

(Hasui et al., 1995)

Porphyridium sp.

Sulfated polysaccharide

Inhibition of viral adsorption and the production of new viral particles

HSV-1 HSV-2, Varicella zoster virus

In vitro (Vero, green monkey kidney cells)

(Huleihel et al., 2001)

Porphyridium sp.

Sulfated polysaccharide

Inhibition of cytopathic effects

HSV-1 and HSV-2

In vivo (Rats and Rabbits)

(Huheihel et al., 2002)

Porphyridium sp.

Rhodella reticulata

Polysaccharide

Inhibition of virus absorption and effect late step after provirus integration

Murine leukemia virus and murine sarcoma virus

In vitro (NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells)

(Talyshinsky et al., 2002)

Gyrodinium impudicum

Sulfated polysaccharide

Inhibition

of cytopathic effect

Encephalomyocarditis

virus

In vitro (HeLa cells)

(Yim et al., 2004)

Navicula directa

Polysaccharide

Inhibition of hyaluronidase

HSV-1, HSV-2, Influenza A virus

In vitro (Vero and MDCK cells)

(Lee et al., 2006)

Chlorella vulgaris

Polysaccharide

-

HSV-1

In vitro (Vero, African green

monkey kidney cell line)

(Santoyo et al., 2010)

Porphyridium purpureum

Exopolysaccharide

Inhibition of viral entry

Vaccinia virus and Ectromelia virus

In vitro (HEp-2 cells and Vero C1008 cells)

(Radonić et al., 2011)

Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis

Polysaccharide

Inhibition of intracellular replication

HSV-1

In vitro (Vero, African green monkey kidney cell line)

(Santoyo et al., 2012)