Study

Comparison

Outcome

Retrospective Cohort Study

OA vs. NOA vs. Ejaculated Sperm

Live birth rates were worse for NOA patients (21.4%) than both OA (37.5%) and ejaculated sperm (32.3%; P = 0.003). ICSI outcomes were similar between OA and ejaculated sperm groups.

Cohort Study

Men with NOA vs. Donor Sperm vs. Men with OA

Lower chances to achieve a live birth in men with NOA compared to donor sperm (OR: 0.377; 95% CI, 0.233-0.609, P < 0.001) and to men with OA (OR: 0.403; 95% CI: 0.241-0.676, P = 0.001).

Retrospective Cohort Study

Various

Predictive parameters for live birth after successful TESE-ICSI: Low male LH, high male testosterone, use of motile spermatozoa, and diagnosis of OA instead of NOA.