Study

Outcome Measure

Findings

Meta-analysis

Fertilization Rate

No statistical difference between fresh versus frozen-thawed testicular sperm (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.02)

Meta-analysis

Clinical Pregnancy Rate (CPR)

No statistical difference between fresh versus frozen-thawed testicular sperm (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.75-1.33)

Kalsi, et al. (2010)

Pregnancy Rate

Better results with frozen-thawed testicular sperm regarding pregnancy rates (57.1% versus 36.6%, P < 0.05)

Kalsi, et al. (2010)

Live Birth Rate (LBR)

Better results with frozen-thawed testicular sperm regarding LBR (57.1 versus 31.7%, P < 0.05)

Kalsi, et al. (2010)

Miscarriage Rate

Lower miscarriage rates with frozen-thawed testicular sperm (0% versus 13.3%, P < 0.05)

Aoki, et al. (2004)

Clinical Pregnancy Rate (CPR)

Higher clinical pregnancy rate with fresh testicular sperm compared to frozen-thawed (48.7% vs. 31.2%; P < 0.05)

Aoki, et al. (2004)

Fertilization Rate

Better fertilization rate with frozen-thawed specimen (76.5 ± 2.6 versus 68.3 ± 3.1, P < 0.05)

Aoki, et al. (2004)

Delivery Rate

Significantly higher delivery rates with fresh testicular sperm compared to frozen-thawed (48.7% vs. 31.2%; P < 0.05)

Aoki, et al. (2004)

Miscarriage Rate

Significantly lower miscarriage rate with fresh testicular sperm compared to frozen-thawed (21.7% vs. 33.3%; P < 0.05)

Schachter-Safran, et al. (2017)

Various

No significant difference in fertilization rate, implantation rate, number of embryos transferred, pregnancy rate, or LBR between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm