Table 3: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities presented by turmeric, its mechanisms of action, and their respective references.
|
Activity |
Mechanisms of action |
Affection |
References |
|
Anti-inflammatory |
Stimulation enzymes caspases 3, 8, 9 |
Hepatoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) |
YUE, et al. [7] |
|
|
Activation of caspases |
Pulmonary carcinoma (NCI-H460) |
WU, et al. [8] |
|
|
NF-κB inhibition associated with cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2, and NO |
Several cells |
BASNET; SKALKO-BASNET [37] |
|
|
protective effect involved thymine dimer, PCNA, apoptosis, transcription factors NF-κB, inhibition of COX-2, PGE2, NO, and upregulation of p53 and p21/Cip1 to prevent DNA damage and facilitate DNA repair |
Skin cancer induced by ultraviolet radiation |
TSAI, et al. [24] |
|
Immunomodulatory |
Inhibition of NF-κB associated with reduction of metastasis in mice |
Prostate cancer (PC-3M) |
HUANG, et al. [38] |
|
|
Inhibition of NF-κB, protection of thymic cells to reactive species of oxygen and tumor-induced TNF-α-induced apoptosis |
Renal carcinoma (SK-RC-45 and SK-RC-26B) |
BHATTACHARYYA, et al. [39] |
|
|
increased production of TNF-α, IL-2 and INF-γ |
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
YUE, et al. [7] |
|
|
Inhibition of NF-κB associated with urokinase suppression |
Lung Cancer (MCF-7) |
ZONG, et al. [40] |