Table 1: Phenological growth stages of Ziziphus jujuba (BBCH scale).
BBCH scale |
Growth stages |
Growth stage 0: Bud growth |
|
00 |
Leaf bud in winter dormancy |
01 |
Bud started to swell |
03 |
Bud swelling completed |
07 |
Bud sprouting begin |
09 |
Bud shows green tips |
Growth stage 1: Leaf formation and growth |
|
10 |
Leaf (10 mm) emerge from leaf buds |
11 |
Opening of first leaf |
15 |
Unfolding of several leaves |
19 |
Full growth of first leaves |
Growth stage 3: Shoot growth |
|
31 |
Beginning of shoot growth |
32 |
20% of shoot growth |
33 |
30% of shoot growth |
39 |
90% of shoot growth |
Growth stage 5: Formation of inflorescence |
|
51 |
Enlargement of the inflorescence buds |
53 |
Buds opened (greenish buds observed) |
54 |
Green scales covered inflorescence |
55 |
Appearance of flower buds (not fully open), opening of green scales |
56 |
Flowers started to separate, sepals not fully expanded |
57 |
Opening of sepals, white petal tips appeared (closed) |
59 |
Opening of flower petals |
Growth stage 6: Flowering |
|
60 |
Opening of first flower |
61 |
Opening of almost 10% flowers |
62 |
Opening of almost 20% flowers |
63 |
Opening of almost 30% flowers |
64 |
Opening of almost 40% flowers |
65 |
Complete flowering (opening of 50% flowers), first petals drop down |
67 |
Withering and dropping of flowers and petals |
69 |
Flowering ended: Almost all petals dropped |
Growth stage 7: Fruit formation, growth and development |
|
71 |
Rapid growth in fruit ovary; first fruit dropping |
72 |
Tiny fruits surrounded by dying sepals, sepals started to drop |
73 |
Heavy fruit dropping |
75 |
Fruit attained 50% of its final dimension |
76 |
Fruit attained 60% of its final dimension |
77 |
Fruit attained 70% of its final dimension |
78 |
Fruit attained 80% of its final dimension |
79 |
Fruit attained 90% of its final dimension |
Growth stage 8: Fruit and seed maturation |
|
81 |
Change in fruit color: From dark green to light reddish brown |
85 |
Fruit color advanced; becomes dark reddish brown |
87 |
Picking stage for distant transportation |
89 |
Fruit has excellent eating quality, final harvesting stage |
Growth stage 9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy |
|
91 |
End of shoot growth but leaves are green |
92 |
Change in leaf color, green color started to disappear |
93 |
Leaf dropping started |
95 |
Discoloring and dropping of about 50% leaves |
97 |
Dropping of all leaves |
99 |
Dormancy |