Table 1: Comparisons of the basic characteristics among the four groups.
|
Variables |
Total (n: 269) |
(1) NT-1 (n: 67) |
(2) NT-2 (n: 67) |
(3) NT-3 (n: 68) |
(4) NT-4(n: 67) |
P value |
Post hoc test |
|
Gender-Female |
145 (53.9) |
34 (50.7) |
40 (59.7) |
33 (48.5) |
38 (56.7) |
0.536 |
|
|
Age |
74.5 ± 13.6 |
67.9 ± 14.2 |
76.5 ± 13.0 |
76.7 ± 12.7 |
76.7 ± 12.5 |
< 0.001 |
(1) < (2);(3);(4)4 |
|
BMI |
23.6 ± 5.1 |
25.5 ± 6.3 |
23.8 ± 5.3 |
23.5 ± 4.5 |
21.6 ± 3.4 |
< 0.001 |
(1);(2);(3) > 43 |
|
Underweight |
46 (17.1) |
8 (11.9) |
13 (19.4) |
8 (11.8) |
17 (25.4) |
|
|
|
Normal |
109 (40.5) |
21 (31.3) |
23 (34.3) |
30 (44.1) |
35 (52.2) |
|
|
|
Overweight |
114 (42.4) |
38 (56.7) |
31 (46.3) |
30 (44.1) |
15 (22.4) |
|
|
|
Smoking |
66 (24.5) |
19 (28.4) |
18 (26.9) |
15 (22.1) |
14 (20.9) |
0.699 |
|
|
Medications before admission |
|||||||
|
ACEI/ARB |
72 (26.8) |
23 (34.3) |
17 (25.4) |
17 (25.0) |
15 (22.4) |
0.426 |
|
|
Beta-blocker |
53 (19.7) |
13 (19.4) |
14 (20.9) |
12 (17.6) |
14 (20.9) |
0.959 |
|
|
Ald.-blocker |
26 (9.7) |
7 (10.4) |
8 (11.9) |
6 (8.8) |
5 (7.5) |
0.832 |
|
|
Loop-diuretic |
80 (29.7) |
16 (23.9) |
20 (29.9) |
24 (35.3) |
20 (29.9) |
0.551 |
|
|
Digoxin |
16 (5.9) |
7 (10.4) |
3 (4.5) |
4 (5.9) |
2 (3.0) |
0.291 |
|
|
Cause of HF |
|
|
|
|
|
0.654 |
|
|
VHD |
101 (37.5) |
24 (35.8) |
28 (41.8) |
26 (38.2) |
23 (34.3) |
|
|
|
DCM |
20 (7.4) |
8 (11.9) |
2 (3.0) |
6 (8.8) |
4 (6.0) |
|
|
|
IHD |
126 (46.8) |
28 (41.8) |
34 (50.7) |
29 (42.6) |
35 (52.2) |
|
|
|
HCVD |
6 (2.2) |
1 (1.5) |
0 (0.0) |
3 (4.4) |
2 (3.0) |
|
|
|
Comorbidity |
|||||||
|
HTN |
93 (34.6) |
22 (32.8) |
29 (43.3) |
21 (30.9) |
21 (31.3) |
0.383 |
|
|
Arrhythmia |
106 (39.4) |
25 (37.3) |
26 (38.8) |
29 (42.6) |
26 (38.8) |
0.931 |
|
|
CLD |
57 (21.2) |
19 (28.4) |
16 (23.9) |
12 (17.6) |
10 (14.9) |
0.218 |
|
|
DM |
115 (42.8) |
33 (49.3) |
20 (29.9) |
32 (47.1) |
30 (44.8) |
0.096 |
|
|
CVA |
34 (12.6) |
9 (13.4) |
6 (9.0) |
11 (16.2) |
8 (11.9) |
0.645 |
|
|
Cancer |
14 (5.2) |
2 (3.0) |
4 (6.0) |
3 (4.4) |
5 (7.5) |
0.676 |
|
Note: Data were expressed by n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. +Missing value; 1chi-square test or Fisher's exact test if the expected value of any box is ≦ 5; 2ANOVA; 3Games-Howell for post hoc test; 4Scheffé test for post hoc test.
ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; Ald.-blocker: Aldosterone receptor blocker; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; VHD: Valvular heart disease; BMI: Body mass index; CLD: Chronic lung disease; DCM: Dilated cardiomyopathy; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HCVD: Hypertensive Heart Disease; HTN: Hypertension; IHD: Ischemic heart disease
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001