·        80% of liver trauma is minor and can be managed conservatively

·        Independent risk factors for failure of non-operative management include;

·        Patient age

·        Need for blood products

·        Active haemorrhage on CT

·        Trauma patients who develop hypothermia require more blood products and have a higher mortality rate.

·        Angioembolisation is effective in up to 90% of cases.

·        TEG and ROTEM can provide quick identification of bleeding due to trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) or hyperfibrinolysis (excessive clot lysis).

·        Operative management is usually indicated in patients where initial resuscitation attempts have been futile and interventional radiological management is not available or appropriate.