References

Age

Sex

Primary disease

Antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication

Cause of hemobilia

Modality to detect the source of hemobilia

Intervention for hemostasis

Transfusion

Intervention for cholangitis

Recurrence

Death due to hemobilia or cholangitis

Hashioka

54

F

Hereditary hemorrhagec telangiectasia

NS

Hereditary hemorrhagec telangiectasia

CT

None

NS

ERCP, PS

yes

Death due to primary disease

Yilmaz

75

F

Chronic hepatitis B

no

Percutaneous liver biopsy

US

TAE with coil

yes

ERCP, EST, PS

no

Alive

Miyamoto

72

M

PSC, cholangiocarcinoma

NS

Hepatic artery aneurysm(due to PS)

CE-CT

TAE with coil

NS

ERC, EST, SEMS

no

Death due toprimary disease

Galambo

49

M

Colorectal cancer

NS

PTBD

angiography

Trans biliary coil embolization

NS

IEBD

no

Death due toprimary disease

Nakai

78

F

Cholangiocarcinoma

NS

Tumor involvement to orifice of cystic duct

ERC

None

NS

EUS-HGS

no

Alive

Gollol-Raju

61

M

HCC

yes

Tumor

CTA

ERCP MS

NS

ERCP, EST, MS

no

Alive

Yamauchi

78

F

Benign biliary stenosis

no

PS

CE-CT

TAE with coil

NS

ERCP, PS

no

Alive

Ogura

89

F

HCC

NS

Tumor

CT

ERCP MS(fully covered SEMS)

NS

ERCP MS (fully covered SEMS)

no

Death due toprimary disease

An

75

M

Hepatic artery aneurysm

no

Hepatic artery aneurysm

CT

Coil embolization and trans biliary coil embolization

NS

PTBD

no

Alive

Ahmad

25

M

Type I Giant Choledochal Cyst

no

Arteriocholedochal fistulas

CE-CT

Surgery(whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy)

yes

-

no

Alive

Lynn

65

M

Cholangitis

NS

PTBD

ERC

Surgery(laparoscopic cholecystectomy and CBD exploration)

NS

ERC, PS (failed)

no

Alive

F: Female; M: Male; NS: Not Shown; PSC: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis; HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; PTBD: Perctaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage; PS: Plastic Stent; CT: Computed Tomography; US: Ultrasonography; ERC: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography; CTA: Computed Tomography Angiography; CE-CT: Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography;TAE: Transarterial Embolization; ERCP: Endscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; MS: Metalic Stent; CBD: Common Bile Duct; EST: Endoscopic Sphincterotomy; SEMS: Self-Expandable Metal Stent; IEBD: Internal-External Biliary Drainage; EUS-HGS: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Hepaticogastrostomy.