Table 4: Association of neighborhood SES and Non-Opioid RX, crude and adjusted logistic regression models (n = 11,553).
| Outcome | Non-Opioid RX | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable, OR (95% CI) | Crude | Add race | Add Pain | Add all covariates |
| Neighborhood SES | ||||
| Lowest SES | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Lower Middle SES | 0.85 (0.77-0.94) | 0.95 (0.85-1.05) | 0.94 (0.84-1.05) | 0.96 (0.85-1.07) |
| Upper Middle SES | 0.76 (0.68-0.84) | 0.89 (0.79-0.99) | 0.88 (0.78-0.98) | 0.89 (0.79-1.01) |
| Highest SES | 0.65 (0.59-0.72) | 0.79 (0.71-0.89) | 0.78 (0.69-0.88) | 0.87 (0.76-0.99) |
| Race: White | 0.72 (0.66-0.78) | 0.75 (0.68-0.81) | 0.72 (0.66-0.79) | |
| th 2 pain conditions | 3.57 (3.30-3.85) | 2.61 (2.39-2.84) | ||
| Age | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | |||
| Gender: Female | 1.04 (0.95-1.13) | |||
| Marital Status: Married | 0.96 (0.88-1.04) | |||
| High clinic utilization | 1.30 (1.18-1.42) | |||
| Smoking Status | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | |||
| Former | 0.94 (0.84-1.05) | |||
| Current | 1.25 (1.12-1.38) | |||
| Substance abuse/dependence | 1.21 (0.97-1.49) | |||
| Depression | 1.22 (1.08-1.38) | |||
| Any anxiety | 1.04 (0.90-1.20) | |||
| Obese | 1.12 (1.03-1.22) | |||
| Comorbidity Index | 0.94 (0.92-0.97) | |||
| PT Referral | 1.71 (1.56-1.87) | |||
| Opioid RX | 2.32 (2.06-2.62) | |||
| Opioid history (self-report) | 1.01 (0.89-1.14) | |||
| Non-opioid history (self-report) | 1.90 (1.75-2.07) | |||