Table 3: Association of neighborhood SES and Opioid RX, crude and adjusted logistic regression models (n = 11,553).
| Outcome | Opioid RX | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable, OR (95% CI) | Crude | Add race | Add Pain | Add all covariates |
| Neighborhood SES | ||||
| Lowest SES | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Lower Middle SES | 0.81 (0.72-0.92) | 0.84 (0.73-0.95) | 0.82 (0.72-0.94) | 0.92 (0.80-1.06) |
| Upper Middle SES | 0.77 (0.68-0.87) | 0.80 (0.70-0.92) | 0.79 (0.69-0.91) | 0.97 (0.83-1.13) |
| Highest SES | 0.61 (0.53-0.69) | 0.64 (0.55-0.74) | 0.63 (0.54-0.73) | 0.90 (0.76-1.07) |
| Race: White | 0.92 (0.83-1.03) | 0.98 (0.88-1.10) | 1.10 (0.97-1.24) | |
| th 2 pain conditions | 3.26 (2.94-3.60) | 1.85 (1.65-2.08) | ||
| Age | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | |||
| Gender: Female | 0.90 (0.80-1.01) | |||
| Marital Status: Married | 0.91 (0.82-1.02) | |||
| High clinic utilization | 1.66 (1.49-1.86) | |||
| Smoking Status | ||||
| Never | 1.00 | |||
| Former | 1.29 (1.12-1.47) | |||
| Current | 1.88 (1.66-2.13) | |||
| Substance abuse/dependence | 1.54 (1.24-1.93) | |||
| Depression | 1.55 (1.35-1.77) | |||
| Any anxiety | 1.33 (1.13-1.56) | |||
| Obese | 1.31 (1.18-1.46) | |||
| Comorbidity Index | 1.16 (1.13-1.19) | |||
| PT referral | 1.24 (1.11-1.39) | |||
| Non-opioid RX | 2.51 (2.23-2.81) | |||
| Opioid history (self-report) | ||||
| Non-opioid history (self-report) | ||||