Table 3: Recommendations for use of systemic immunomodulatory agents (Adapted from Sidbury 2014) [43].

Recommendations for use of

Systemic Immunomodulatory Agents

Indicated when a patient’s skin disease has significant negative physical, emotional, or social impact and/or topical regiments or phototherapy are ineffective

 

All agents should be adjusted to the minimal effective dose

Dupilumab, cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methotrexate are systemic agents recommended for the

treatment of refractory AD.

Mycophenolate mofetil and Interferon-gamma may be considered as an alternative, variably effective therapies for refractory AD.

Systemic steroids should be avoided in the treatment of AD, but they can be used exclusively for acute, severe exacerbations.