PAs

Principal components

Natural

Socio-cultural

Economic

Governance

ONP

S1: Abundant wildlife species including large mammals

S2: A big reserve possess diverse ecosystems

S3: Cultural and historical amenities

S4: Rich cultural diversity and wilderness nature for tourism development

S5: Enormous ecosystem services

S6: Under a process to legally gazette the park

S7: Participatory boundary demarcation

W1: Lack connectivity with the nearby reserves

W2: Lack of local community participation in the management and development process

W3: Absence of consolidating indigenous conservation practices

W4: Lack of sufficient awareness to mobilize locals support

W5: Limited economic opportunity for neighboring communities

W6: Poor infrastructure, services and promotion of the tourism potential of the Park

W7: Poor law enforcement capacity

O1:Good surrounding area to strengthen biodiversity conservation and ecotourism development

O2: Willingness to collaborate in biodiversity conservation

O3: Increased government attention for rural development in the area.

O4: Lower Omo Valley is UNESCO world heritage site

O5: Other law enforcement agencies in the nearby

T1: Incompatible development such as sugar plantation

T2: HWC mainly with elephant and lion.

T3: Conflict over resource use affecting the ecosystem of the area

T4: Pandemic disease

T5:Highest poverty level and illiteracy rate

T6: Tribal conflicts mainly between Surma and Nygnatom

SMNP

S1: Endemic fauna and flora

S2: Spectacular landscape and scenery

S3: Cultural, historical and spiritual amenities inside the park

S4: Sound benefits from tourism

S5: Boundary expansion, resettlement program and removed from UNESCO red list

W1:Small and fragmented reserve

W2:Lacks buffer zone, decrease biodiversity resilience outside the boundary

W3: High livestock incursion in the Park

W4: Absence of consolidating indigenous conservation practices

W5: Poor infrastructure, services and promotion of the tourism potential of the Park

W6: Poor law enforcement capacity

O1: Good surrounding area to strengthen biodiversity conservation and ecotourism development

O2: Willingness to resettle outside the Park

O3: UNESCO world heritage site

O4: Northern tourism circuits and presence of world heritages

O5: Strong sense of ownership and collaboration with regional and lower level administrations

T1: Agricultural practices in the core habitats of the Park by outside community members

T2: Extractive interests on rare and endangered species such as Ethiopian Wolf trophy

T3: HWC mainly with leopard, Gelada monkey

T4: Pandemic disease

T5: Highest poverty level and illiteracy rate

T6: Absence of equitable benefit sharing mechanism to the community in remote areas of the Park

SSHS

S1: Endemic species

S2: Local community developed positive attitudes towards the reserve.

S3: Sound practical Gedda indigenous conservation practices integrated.

S4: Sound benefits from grass harvest

S5:Participatory governance (active community involvement)

W1: Small reserve

W2: Lacks buffer zone, decrease biodiversity resilience outside the boundary

W3: Lack of pasture land for communities and unsustainable grazing system

W4: Poor infrastructure, services and promotion of the tourism potential of the Park

W5: Lack of adequate collaboration between regional authorities

O1: Possibility to connect with lake Hawassa then wild animals to access water sources

O2: Seraindigenous bylaws conservation system under process

O3: The southern tourism circuit

O4: Presence of extraordinary tourism destination in the nearby

O5: Opportunity of scaling up communities’ engagement in conservation for better success

T1: Lack of buzzer zone

T2: HWC mainly with Warthog

T3: Pandemic disease

T4: Tribal conflicts mainly between Arsi Oromo and Sidama.