Table 2: List of 27 CMIP5 models used in this study.

Model name (abbreviations in the context)

Model group/center

Horizontal resolution (global grids)

ACCESS1.0

CSIRO-BoM

192 × 145

ACCESS1.3

CSIRO-BoM

192 × 145

BCC-CSM1

CMA, China

128 × 64 × 17

BNU-ESM

BNU, China

128 × 64 × 17

CCSM4

NCAR

288 × 192

CESM1-BGC

NSF-DoE-NCAR

288 × 192

CESM1-CAM5

NSF-DoE-NCAR

288 × 192

CNRM-CM5

CNRM-CERFACS

256 × 128

FGOALS-g2

LASG-IAP

128 × 60

FIO-ESM

FIO, China

128 × 64 × 17

GFDL-CM3

NOAA/GFDL

144 × 90

GFDL-ESM2G

NOAA/GFDL

144 × 90

GFDL-ESM2M

NOAA/GFDL

144 × 90

GISS-E2-R

NASA/GISS

144 × 90

GISS-E2-H

NASA/GISS

144 × 90

HadGEM2-AO

MOHC

192 × 145

HadGEM2-CC

MOHC

192 × 145

HadGEM2-ES

MOHC

192 × 145

INM-CM4

INM

180 × 120

IPSL-CM5A-LR

IPSL

96 × 96

IPSL-CM5A-MR

IPSL

144 × 143

IPSL-CM5B-LR

IPSL

96 × 96

MIROC-ESM

U. Tokyo, NIES and JAMSTEC

128 × 64

MIROC5

U. Tokyo, NIES and JAMSTEC

256 × 128

MRI-CGCM3

MRI

320 × 160

NorESM1-M

NCC

144 × 96

NorESM1-ME

NCC

144 × 96