Table 4: Characteristics of participants based on serum 25(OH)D quartiles in shift workers.
|
Characteristics |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P trend |
||
|
Participants (n) |
159 |
180 |
201 |
215 |
|
||
|
Age (years) |
36.52 ± 9.35 |
37.53 ± 10.20 |
38.69 ± 10.41 |
39.76 ± 10.09 |
0.016 |
||
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
25.37 ± 3.37 |
25.55 ± 3.38 |
25.46 ± 2.96 |
25.23 ± 3.19 |
0.548 |
||
|
WC (cm) |
85.03 ± 8.36 |
85.83 ± 8.44 |
85.51 ± 7.98 |
85.70 ± 8.08 |
0.658 |
||
|
WBR |
3.37 ± 0.23 |
3.38 ± 0.23 |
3.37 ± 0.20 |
3.42 ± 0.24 |
0.147 |
||
|
SBP (mmHg) |
119.87 ± 10.68 |
121.13 ± 10.15 |
118.81 ± 10.83 |
120.07 ± 11.92 |
0.078 |
||
|
DBP (mmHg) |
73.99 ± 8.05 |
74.54 ± 7.59 |
73.29 ± 7.69 |
74.39 ± 8.10 |
0.332 |
||
|
FPG (mg/dL) |
98.42 ± 9.79 |
101.06 ± 14.49 |
102.16 ± 14.82 |
102.09 ± 14.16 |
0.047 |
||
|
HDL-C (mg/dL) |
51.40 ± 10.49 |
51.89 ± 10.16 |
51.62 ± 10.14 |
51.87 ± 10.99 |
0.924 |
||
|
TG (mg/dL) |
155.19 ± 102.8 |
159.27 ± 104.6 |
142.01 ± 120.80 |
137.69 ± 97.72 |
0.010 |
||
|
Cr (mg/dL) |
0.86 ± 0.12 |
0.89 ± 0.11 |
0.88 ± 0.13 |
0.90 ± 0.14 |
0.031 |
||
|
Season (%) |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
||
|
spring |
36 (22.6) |
9 (5.0) |
3 (1.5) |
5 (2.3) |
|
||
|
summer |
99 (62.3) |
137 (76.1) |
172 (85.6) |
191 (88.8) |
|
||
|
autumn |
16 (10.1) |
31 (17.2) |
21(10.4) |
17 (7.9) |
|
||
|
winter |
8 (5.0) |
3 (1.7) |
5 (2.5) |
2 (0.9) |
|
||
|
Marital status (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.089 |
||
|
single |
67 (42.1) |
66 (36.7) |
76 (37.8) |
64 (29.8) |
|
||
|
married |
92 (57.9) |
114 (63.3) |
125 (62.2) |
151 (70.2) |
|
||
|
Education level (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.175 |
||
|
high school |
20 (12.6) |
32 (17.8) |
25 (12.4) |
22 (10.2) |
|
||
|
college |
13 (8.2) |
8 (4.4) |
10 (5.0) |
21 (9.8) |
|
||
|
university |
113 (71.1) |
131 (72.8) |
154 (76.6) |
162 (75.3) |
|
||
|
graduate school |
13 (8.2) |
9 (5.0) |
12 (6.0) |
10 (4.7) |
|
||
|
Smoking status (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.296 |
||
|
no smoker |
85 (53.5) |
84 (46.7) |
96 (47.8) |
88 (40.9) |
|
||
|
former smoker |
31 (19.5) |
44 (24.4) |
49 (24.4) |
64 (29.8) |
|
||
|
current smoker |
43 (27.0) |
52 (28.9) |
56 (27.9) |
63 (29.3) |
|
||
|
Alcohol consumption (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.443 |
||
|
≤ once a week |
140 (88.1) |
160 (88.9) |
168 (83.6) |
186 (86.5) |
|
||
|
> once a week |
19 (11.9) |
20 (11.1) |
33 (16.4) |
29 (13.5) |
|
||
|
Exercise (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.198 |
||
|
below recommended PA |
106 (66.7) |
122 (67.8) |
142 (70.6) |
131 (60.9) |
|
||
|
above recommended PA |
53 (33.3) |
58 (32.2) |
59 (29.4) |
84 (39.1) |
|
||
|
Sleep duration (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.381 |
||
|
5 h |
5 (3.1) |
4 (2.2) |
2 (1.0) |
2 (0.9) |
|
||
|
6-7 h |
111 (69.8) |
136 (75.6) |
158 (78.6) |
160 (74.4) |
|
||
|
8-9 h |
43 (27.0) |
40 (22.2) |
41 (20.4) |
53 (24.7) |
|
||
Values are expressed as mean ± SD or number (%).
BMI: Body Mass Index; WC: Waist Circumference; WBR: Waist-BMI Ratio; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose; TC: Total Cholesterol; HDL-C: High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; Cr: Serum Creatinine; Mets: Metabolic Syndrome; PA: Physical Activity
Serum 25(OH)D (ng/ml): Q1 (1.91-2.72), Q2 (2.73-2.99), Q3 (3.00-3.24), Q4 (3.25-4.29).