Table 3: Characteristics of participants based on serum 25(OH)D quartiles in daytime workers.
|
Characteristics |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
P trend |
|
|
Participants (n) |
281 |
253 |
233 |
218 |
|
|
|
Age (years) |
40.36 ± 9.25 |
41.29 ± 9.10 |
40.87 ± 9.68 |
42.32 ± 9.59 |
0.176 |
|
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
25.52 ± 3.22 |
25.29 ± 2.95 |
25.16 ± 3.07 |
24.63 ± 2.61 |
0.017 |
|
|
WC (cm) |
85.86 ± 7.97 |
84.87 ± 7.51 |
85.18 ± 7.91 |
83.70 ± 7.44 |
0.013 |
|
|
WBR |
3.38 ± 0.22 |
3.37 ± 0.22 |
3.40 ± 0.22 |
3.41 ± 0.21 |
0.020 |
|
|
SBP (mmHg) |
122.62 ± 11.37 |
123.03 ± 10.14 |
121.04 ± 11.75 |
121.47 ± 10.44 |
0.061 |
|
|
DBP (mmHg) |
75.75 ± 8.99 |
76.13 ± 8.98 |
74.22 ± 9.19 |
74.57 ± 8.11 |
0.033 |
|
|
FPG (mg/dL) |
101.99 ± 20.11 |
100.23 ± 15.90 |
99.34 ± 9.30 |
100.38 ± 16.52 |
0.777 |
|
|
HDL-C (mg/dL) |
51.85 ± 11.31 |
53.57 ± 12.29 |
53.57 ± 11.60 |
53.37 ± 10.74 |
0.228 |
|
|
TG (mg/dL) |
161.65 ± 131.5 |
152.14 ± 208.6 |
131.07 ± 72.80 |
118.00 ± 65.62 |
< 0.001 |
|
|
Cr (mg/dL) |
0.91 ± 0.14 |
0.93 ± 0.16 |
0.94 ± 0.17 |
0.93 ± 0.13 |
0.185 |
|
|
Season (%) |
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
|
|
spring |
78 (27.8) |
32 (12.6) |
12 (5.2) |
15 (6.9) |
|
|
|
summer |
80 (26.5) |
87 (34.4) |
94 (40.3) |
83 (38.1) |
|
|
|
autumn |
80 (28.5) |
104 (41.1) |
101 (43.3) |
106 (48.6) |
|
|
|
winter |
43 (15.3) |
30 (11.9) |
26 (11.2) |
14 (6.4) |
|
|
|
Marital status (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.320 |
|
|
single |
74 (26.3) |
63 (24.9) |
65 (27.9) |
45 (20.6) |
|
|
|
married |
207 (73.7) |
190 (75.1) |
168 (72.1) |
173 (79.4) |
|
|
|
Education level (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
high school |
16 (5.7) |
13 (5.1) |
18 (7.7) |
13 (6.0) |
0.896 |
|
|
college |
6 (2.1) |
4 (1.6) |
4 (1.7) |
3 (1.4) |
|
|
|
university |
218 (77.6) |
189 (74.7) |
179 (76.8) |
167 (76.6) |
|
|
|
graduate school |
41 (4.2) |
47 (4.8) |
32 (3.2) |
35 (3.6) |
|
|
|
Smoking status (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.043 |
|
|
no smoker |
132 (47.0) |
136 (53.8) |
99 (42.5) |
91 (41.7) |
|
|
|
former smoker |
90 (32.0) |
70 (27.7) |
92 (39.5) |
87 (39.9) |
|
|
|
current smoker |
59 (21.0) |
47 (18.6) |
42 (18.0) |
40 (18.3) |
|
|
|
Alcohol consumption (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.874 |
|
|
≤ once a week |
220 (78.3) |
199 (78.7) |
181 (77.7) |
165 (75.7) |
|
|
|
> once a week |
61 (21.7) |
54 (21.3) |
52 (22.3) |
53 (24.3) |
|
|
|
Exercise (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.034 |
|
|
below recommended PA |
213 (75.8) |
181 (71.5) |
171 (73.4) |
140 (64.2) |
|
|
|
above recommended PA |
68 (24.2) |
72 (28.5) |
62 (26.6) |
78 (35.8) |
|
|
|
Sleep duration (%) |
|
|
|
|
0.674 |
|
|
5 h |
10 (3.6) |
6 (2.4) |
6 (2.6) |
5 (2.3) |
|
|
|
6-7 h |
245 (87.2) |
230 (90.9) |
201 (86.3) |
193 (88.5) |
|
|
|
8-9 h |
26 (9.3) |
17 (6.7) |
26 (11.2) |
20 (9.2) |
|
|
Values are expressed as mean ± SD or number (%).
BMI: Body Mass Index; WC: Waist Circumference; WBR: Waist-BMI Ratio; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose; TC: Total Cholesterol; HDL-C: High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; Cr: Serum Creatinine; Mets: Metabolic Syndrome; PA: Physical Activity Serum 25(OH)D (ng/ml): Q1 (1.91-2.72), Q2 (2.73-2.99), Q3 (3.00-3.24), Q4 (3.25-4.29).