Table 2: Standardized mean difference of laboratory values associated with mortality in COVID-19 in a meta-analysis.
Laboratory value | Number of Studies | Odds Ratio | 95% Lower Limit | 95% Upper Limit | Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) | 95% Lower Limit | 95% Upper Limit | P (for SMD) | I2 (for SMD) |
Hematologic | |||||||||
White Blood Cell Count | 57 | 3.68 | 2.91 | 4.74 | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.86 | < 0.001 | 93% |
Absolute Neutrophil Count | 41 | 4.66 | 3.30 | 6.45 | 0.85 | 0.66 | 1.03 | < 0.001 | 93% |
Percent Neutrophil | 6 | 26.47 | 5.68 | 121.09 | 1.81 | 0.96 | 2.65 | < 0.001 | 96% |
Absolute Lymphocyte Count | 69 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.36 | -0.67 | -0.78 | -0.57 | < 0.001 | 80% |
Percent Lymphocyte | 8 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.11 | -1.71 | -2.2 | -1.23 | < 0.001 | 91% |
Absolute Basophil Count | 4 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 1.39 | 0 | -0.18 | 0.18 | 1 | 0% |
Absolute Eosinophil Count | 5 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.96 | -0.05 | -0.08 | -0.02 | 0.001 | 96% |
Absolute Monocyte Count | 10 | 0.76 | 0.60 | 0.98 | -0.15 | -0.28 | -0.02 | 0.49 | 0% |
Hemoglobin | 37 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.90 | -0.11 | -0.16 | -0.06 | < 0.001 | 75% |
Hematocrit | 3 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 1.34 | -0.19 | -0.54 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 52% |
Red Blood Cell Count | 6 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 1.08 | -0.22 | -0.47 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 63% |
Red Cell Distribution Width | 3 | 2.34 | 1.88 | 2.96 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | 0% |
Platelet Count | 49 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 0.60 | -0.43 | -0.58 | -0.28 | < 0.001 | 87% |
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio | 12 | 3.36 | 1.60 | 6.57 | 0.67 | 0.26 | 1.04 | < 0.001 | 96% |
Lymphocyte Subsets | |||||||||
Total CD3+/T Cells | 7 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.34 | -0.97 | -1.35 | -0.59 | < 0.001 | 76% |
Total Cd4+/T Helper Cells | 7 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.31 | -0.96 | -1.27 | -0.65 | < 0.001 | 70% |
Percent Cd4+ Cells | 3 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 0.80 | -0.64 | -1.15 | -0.12 | 0.02 | 86% |
Total Cd8+/Suppressor/Cytotoxic T Cells | 7 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.36 | -1.12 | -1.68 | -0.56 | < 0.001 | 91% |
Percent Cd8+ Cells | 3 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.65 | -0.86 | -1.47 | -0.24 | 0.006 | 90% |
Total Natural Killer Cells | 3 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.90 | -0.95 | -1.84 | -0.06 | 0.04 | 86% |
Total CD19+/B Cells | 3 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 1.22 | -0.2 | -0.51 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 15% |
Cd4+/Cd8+ Ratio | 3 | 1.54 | 0.52 | 4.66 | 0.24 | -0.36 | 0.85 | 0.43 | 79% |
Electrolytes/Renal | |||||||||
Sodium | 12 | 0.90 | 0.64 | 1.24 | -0.06 | -0.25 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 68% |
Potassium | 10 | 1.29 | 0.85 | 1.95 | 0.14 | -0.09 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 73% |
Chloride | 4 | 0.64 | 0.37 | 0.93 | -0.25 | -0.55 | -0.04 | 0.09 | 71% |
Calcium | 5 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 1.22 | -0.86 | -1.83 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 95% |
Glucose | 21 | 2.66 | 1.75 | 4.03 | 0.54 | 0.31 | 0.77 | < 0.001 | 93% |
Blood Urea Nitrogen | 37 | 7.06 | 4.33 | 11.51 | 1.08 | 0.81 | 1.35 | < 0.001 | 97% |
Creatinine | 64 | 2.43 | 2.22 | 2.66 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.54 | < 0.001 | 94% |
Glomerular Filtration Rate | 7 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.62 | -0.73 | -1.2 | -0.26 | 0.003 | 97% |
Cystatin C | 3 | 1.63 | 0.28 | 9.43 | 0.27 | -0.7 | 1.24 | 0.59 | 94% |
Liver | |||||||||
Aspartate Aminotransferase | 40 | 2.61 | 1.92 | 3.55 | 0.53 | 0.36 | 0.7 | < 0.001 | 89% |
Alanine Aminotransferase | 51 | 1.22 | 1.14 | 1.29 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | 73% |
Alkaline Phosphatase | 5 | 2.10 | 1.57 | 2.76 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.56 | < 0.001 | 0% |
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase | 10 | 1.63 | 1.24 | 2.18 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.43 | < 0.001 | 41% |
Globulin | 3 | 1.63 | 0.85 | 3.13 | 0.27 | -0.09 | 0.63 | 0.14 | 70% |
Albumin | 30 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.33 | -0.8 | -0.98 | -0.61 | < 0.001 | 86% |
Total Bilirubin | 36 | 1.82 | 1.39 | 2.38 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.48 | < 0.001 | 91% |
Direct Bilirubin | 8 | 2.14 | 0.87 | 5.38 | 0.42 | -0.08 | 0.93 | 0.1 | 91% |
Coagulation | |||||||||
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time | 21 | 1.18 | 0.80 | 1.72 | 0.09 | -0.12 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 81% |
Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio | 38 | 2.86 | 2.10 | 3.89 | 0.58 | 0.41 | 0.75 | < 0.001 | 86% |
D-Dimer | 57 | 3.30 | 2.76 | 3.96 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 0.76 | < 0.001 | 94% |
Fibrinogen | 18 | 1.69 | 1.14 | 2.56 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.52 | 0.009 | 85% |
Inflammatory | |||||||||
C-Reactive Protein | 56 | 4.03 | 3.68 | 4.41 | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.82 | < 0.001 | 97% |
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | 13 | 1.82 | 1.34 | 2.47 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.5 | 0.002 | 60% |
Interleukin 1 Beta | 5 | 0.80 | 0.53 | 1.22 | -0.12 | -0.35 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0% |
Interleukin 2 Receptor | 6 | 6.45 | 4.10 | 10.14 | 1.03 | 0.78 | 1.28 | < 0.001 | 62% |
Interleukin 6 | 28 | 5.01 | 2.71 | 9.43 | 0.89 | 0.55 | 1.24 | < 0.001 | 97% |
Interleukin 8 | 9 | 3.96 | 2.52 | 6.11 | 0.76 | 0.51 | 1 | < 0.001 | 73% |
Interleukin 10 | 7 | 5.29 | 2.96 | 9.27 | 0.92 | 0.6 | 1.23 | < 0.001 | 81% |
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha | 10 | 2.71 | 1.39 | 5.19 | 0.55 | 0.18 | 0.91 | 0.004 | 89% |
Cardiac | |||||||||
Myoglobin | 13 | 5.01 | 2.10 | 12.16 | 0.89 | 0.41 | 1.38 | < 0.001 | 98% |
Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme/Myocardial Band | 14 | 2.71 | 1.75 | 4.18 | 0.55 | 0.31 | 0.79 | < 0.001 | 66% |
Alpha Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase | 4 | 9.27 | 5.01 | 17.14 | 1.23 | 0.89 | 1.57 | < 0.001 | 29% |
Troponin (T And I) | 36 | 3.55 | 2.38 | 5.29 | 0.7 | 0.48 | 0.92 | < 0.001 | 92% |
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (And Pro-BNP) | 17 | 5.48 | 3.07 | 9.78 | 0.94 | 0.62 | 1.26 | < 0.001 | 95% |
Blood Gas | |||||||||
Ph | 3 | 1.63 | 0.48 | 5.48 | 0.27 | -0.4 | 0.94 | 0.43 | 94% |
Partial Pressure Of Carbon Dioxide | 7 | 0.74 | 0.30 | 1.85 | -0.17 | -0.67 | 0.34 | 0.52 | 93% |
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen | 7 | 0.49 | 0.19 | 1.29 | -0.39 | -0.91 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 93% |
Bicarbonate | 5 | 0.55 | 0.32 | 0.95 | -0.33 | -0.63 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 75% |
Pao2:Fio2 Ratio | 9 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.28 | -1.14 | -1.57 | -0.71 | < 0.001 | 89% |
Other | |||||||||
Lactic Acid | 11 | 2.30 | 1.27 | 4.18 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.79 | 0.006 | 91% |
Ferritin | 20 | 5.19 | 3.07 | 8.62 | 0.91 | 0.62 | 1.19 | < 0.001 | 88% |
Total Cholesterol | 6 | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.55 | -0.63 | -0.92 | -0.33 | < 0.001 | 68% |
Triglycerides | 5 | 1.99 | 0.79 | 5.10 | 0.38 | -0.13 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 90% |
High Density Lipoprotein | 5 | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.64 | -0.42 | -0.6 | -0.25 | < 0.001 | 0% |
Low Density Lipoprotein | 5 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.60 | -0.61 | -0.94 | -0.28 | < 0.001 | 63% |
Hemoglobin A1c | 5 | 1.34 | 0.88 | 1.99 | 0.16 | -0.07 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 53% |
Uric Acid | 6 | 2.26 | 1.06 | 4.83 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 82% |
Creatine Kinase | 28 | 2.71 | 2.03 | 3.62 | 0.55 | 0.39 | 0.71 | < 0.001 | 79% |
Lactate Dehydrogenase | 47 | 7.32 | 5.19 | 10.33 | 1.10 | 0.91 | 1.29 | < 0.001 | 89% |
Procalcitonin | 38 | 4.18 | 2.96 | 5.89 | 0.79 | 0.6 | 0.98 | < 0.001 | 93% |
COVID-19: Novel coronavirus disease 2019; CD: Cluster of differentiation.