Table 1: Methamphetamine withdrawal, 1995 - Present.

Year Author N Study design Outcome
1995 Richards 1,679 Retrospective Significant increase in pre-hospital respiratory rate in methamphetamine-positive patients, but otherwise no other significant differences in vital signs when controlling for age.
1999 Schermer 10,298 Retrospective Most common mechanism of injury for methamphetamine-positive patients was MVA/MVC. Significant increase from 1984 to 1994.
Mechanisms of trauma for alcohol and methamphetamine were similar. There were similar intervention programs for methamphetamine trauma compared to alcohol.
1999 Richards 461 Retrospective Demographically, there was a larger inclusion of uninsured patients who were also more likely to use ambulance transport and be admitted to the hospital. Methamphetamine-positive patients had greater utilization of pre-hospital and hospital resources.
2004 Tominga 544 Retrospective Methamphetamine-positive patients were more likely to have intentional self-injury/assaults, longer hospital stay, and greater hospital charges. They were also more likely to be admitted to the hospital despite having lower ISS scores.
2006 Sommers 106 Prospective, Survey 34.9% of patients with greater than 3 months of methamphetamine use had a history of violence and were more likely involved in private domestic domains.
2007 Yegiyants 971 Retrospective Methamphetamine-positive patients had higher rates of assault, increased admission for ISS 1-5, and increased length of stay for ISS 6-10. There was no reported difference in total ICU or ventilator days.
2009 London 4,340 Retrospective cohort Stimulant users less likely to use behavioral health services than opioid users and more likely to use urgent/emergent care and inpatient care compared to non-users. Integrated medical and mental healthcare and drug treatment may reduce utilization of costly healthcare services.