Total medications and pain scale (score) of the study participants.

Table 5: Total medications and pain scale (score) of the study participants.

Medications and Pain	Control	PTSD	p value
Total medications^ƪ	0.7 ± 1.2 (n = 39)	3.2 ± 2.6 (n = 39)	< 0.001
Rating of current pain (Scale 0-10)^ǂ	1.1 ± 2.3 (n = 39)	2.3 ± 2.6 (n = 19)	0.174
Rating of pain at its worst within the last 24 hours (Scale of 0-10)^ǂ	1.4 ± 2.6 (n = 39)	3.4 ± 3.1 (n = 19)	0.058
Rating of pain at its least within the last 24 hours (Scale 0-10)^ǂ	0.5 ± 1.3 (n = 39)	1.1 ± 1.3 (n = 19)	0.064
Rating of pain on average (Scale 0-10)^ǂ	1.3 ± 2.1 (n = 39)	2.7 ± 2.5 (n = 19)	0.079
Chronic pain	16/39 (41%)	14/19 (73.7%)	0.019

ƪa detailed list of participant medications is given in Table 8; ǂ 0-10 where 0 represents no pain, 1-3 mild pain (nagging, annoying, interfering with activity of daily living (ADL)), 4-6 moderate pain (interferes significantly with ADL), 7-10 severe pain (disabling; unable to perform ADL).

Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD or as % for categorical variables. The difference in continuous variables was analysed using Mann-Whitney U test, while the chi square (χ²) test was used for ordinal and categorical variables. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.