Table 2: Descriptive statistics of each item in the Depression, Anxiety and Future academic Success Expectation Scales-21 (DASS-21) (modified).

Scale

Item

Male

Female

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Depression

 

I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all

4.37

0.81

3.51

0.690

 

I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things

3.52

0.79

3.43

0.70

 

I felt that I had nothing to look forward to

4.01

0.77

4.11

0.73

 

I felt down-hearted and blue

3.76

0.73

3.82

0.69

 

I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything

3.47

0.70

3.19

0.64

 

I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person

3.88

0.90

3.10

0.72

 

I felt that life was meaningless

3.08

0.58

3.77

0.57

Anxiety

 

I was aware of dryness of my mouth

3.31

0.71

3.41

0.67

 

I experienced breathing difficulty

3.22

0.56

3.44

0.61

 

I experienced trembling

4.00

0.60

3.20

0.76

 

I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself

3.21

0.78

4.32

0.74

 

I felt I was close to panic

3.12

0.75

3.33

0.69

 

I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion

3.26

0.71

3.70

0.67

 

I felt scared without any good reason

3.22

0.83

3.62

0.65

Expected Future Academic Success

 

I have hope that I will graduate with an excellent grade

1.88

0.28

2.50

0.32

 

I have hope that the future is bright

2.31

0.31

2.62

0.39

 

I am not sure that I will graduate

4.44

0.52

3.65

0.48

 

I can no longer concentrate and read my books

4.77

0.50

3.93

0.41

 

I have forgotten all I was taught in school.

3.39

0.46

3.15

0.46

 

I can no longer trust my ability to do well in school

4.37

0.54

3.51

0.69

 

I feel like leaving school now

2.93

0.33

3.11

0.49