Table 2: Descriptive statistics of each item in the Depression, Anxiety and Future academic Success Expectation Scales-21 (DASS-21) (modified).
Scale |
Item |
Male |
Female |
||
Mean |
SD |
Mean |
SD |
||
Depression |
|||||
|
I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all |
4.37 |
0.81 |
3.51 |
0.690 |
|
I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things |
3.52 |
0.79 |
3.43 |
0.70 |
|
I felt that I had nothing to look forward to |
4.01 |
0.77 |
4.11 |
0.73 |
|
I felt down-hearted and blue |
3.76 |
0.73 |
3.82 |
0.69 |
|
I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything |
3.47 |
0.70 |
3.19 |
0.64 |
|
I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person |
3.88 |
0.90 |
3.10 |
0.72 |
|
I felt that life was meaningless |
3.08 |
0.58 |
3.77 |
0.57 |
Anxiety |
|||||
|
I was aware of dryness of my mouth |
3.31 |
0.71 |
3.41 |
0.67 |
|
I experienced breathing difficulty |
3.22 |
0.56 |
3.44 |
0.61 |
|
I experienced trembling |
4.00 |
0.60 |
3.20 |
0.76 |
|
I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself |
3.21 |
0.78 |
4.32 |
0.74 |
|
I felt I was close to panic |
3.12 |
0.75 |
3.33 |
0.69 |
|
I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion |
3.26 |
0.71 |
3.70 |
0.67 |
|
I felt scared without any good reason |
3.22 |
0.83 |
3.62 |
0.65 |
Expected Future Academic Success |
|||||
|
I have hope that I will graduate with an excellent grade |
1.88 |
0.28 |
2.50 |
0.32 |
|
I have hope that the future is bright |
2.31 |
0.31 |
2.62 |
0.39 |
|
I am not sure that I will graduate |
4.44 |
0.52 |
3.65 |
0.48 |
|
I can no longer concentrate and read my books |
4.77 |
0.50 |
3.93 |
0.41 |
|
I have forgotten all I was taught in school. |
3.39 |
0.46 |
3.15 |
0.46 |
|
I can no longer trust my ability to do well in school |
4.37 |
0.54 |
3.51 |
0.69 |
|
I feel like leaving school now |
2.93 |
0.33 |
3.11 |
0.49 |