Table 4: ANOVAS and ANCOVAS.
| Dependent variables: Components of the Health Survey SF-36 Questionnaire (SF-36)
Independent variable: Groups (dispositional-realistic pessimism, defensive pessimism and dispositional-realistic optimism) |
|||||||||||||
| ANOVA | ANCOVA covariate Age | ||||||||||||
| SF-36 | Levene test (p) | Mean Square | F (df) | p | η2p | Welch test (p) | Brown-Forsythe test (p) | Levene test (p) | Mean Square | F (df) | p | η2p | |
| Physical Functioning | 2.224
(0.110) |
15.182 | 2.136
(2.349) |
0.120 | 0.012 | 2.971
(0.053) |
Age | 140.481 | 20.887***
(1.348) |
0 | 0.057 | ||
| Groups | 38.97 | 5.794**
(2.348) |
0.003 | 0.032 | |||||||||
| Role Physical | 7.101***
(0.001) |
56.214 | 4.495*
(2.349) |
0.012 | 0.025 | 4.675*
(0.011) |
4.020*
(0.020) |
7.005***
(0.001) |
Age | 8.461 | 0.676
(1.348) |
0.412 | 0.002 |
| Groups | 60.380 | 4.824**
(2.348) |
0.009 | 0.027 | |||||||||
| Bodily Pain | 2.282
(0.104) |
17.42 | 4.044*
(2.349) |
0.018 | 0.023 | 2.356
(0.096) |
Age | 1.018 | 0.236
(1.348) |
0.628 | 0.001 | ||
| Groups | 17.828 | 4.129*
(2.348) |
0.017 | 0.023 | |||||||||
| General Health | 17.354***
(0.000) |
425.129 | 32.844***
(-2.349) |
0.000 | 0.158 | 37.905***
(0.000) |
32.938***
(0.000) |
17.640***
(0.000) |
Age | 2.375 | 0.183
(1.348) |
0.669 | 0.001 |
| Groups | 399.689 | 30.806***
(2.348) |
0.000 | 0.150 | |||||||||
| Vitality | 5.346** (0.005) | 422.317 | 46.486***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.210 | 49.951***
(0.000) |
47.009***
(0.000) |
5.348**
(0.005) |
Age | 0.060 | 0.007
(1.348) |
0.935 | 0 |
| Groups | 381.764 | 41.902***
(2.348) |
0.000 | 0.194 | |||||||||
| Social Functioning | 11.632***
(0.000) |
55.682 | 16.410***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.086 | 17.490***
(p.000) |
15.063***
(0.000) |
11.935***
(0.000) |
Age | 1.227 | 0.361
(1.348) |
0.548 | 0.001 |
| Groups | 54.403 | 16.004***
(2.348) |
0.000 | 0.084 | |||||||||
| Role Emotional | 42.419***
(0.000) |
204.297 | 33.160***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.160 | 39.877***
(0.000) |
27.662***
(0.000) |
43.168***
(0.000) |
Age | 18.533 | 0.3026
(1.348) |
0.083 | 0.009 |
| Groups | 161.747 | 26.406***
(2.348) |
0.000 | 0.132 | |||||||||
| Mental Health | 28.312***
(0.000) |
935.338 | 85.276***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.328 | 102.368***
(0.000) |
78.834***
(0.000) |
27.842***
(0.000) |
Age | 3.516 | 0.32
(1.348) |
0.572 | 0.001 |
| Groups | 873.683 | 79.500***
-2,348 |
0.000 | 0.314 | |||||||||
| Physical Health Component | 7.334***
(0.001) |
1.255.030 | 14.559***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.077 | 16.186***
(0.000) |
14.463***
(0.000) |
8.029***
(0.000) |
Age | 303.572 | 0.3547
(1.348) |
0.060 | 0.01 |
| Groups | 1405.384 | 16.422***
(2.348) |
0.000 | 0.086 | |||||||||
| Mental Health Component | 22.599***
(0.000) |
5258.676 | 68.857***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.283 | 82.636***
(0.000) |
63.707***
(0.000) |
22.698***
(0.000) |
Age | 2.821 | 0.037
(1.348) |
0.848 | 0.000 |
| Groups | 4730.158 | 61.765***
(2.348) |
0.000 | 0.262 | |||||||||
| Dependent variables: Categories of the Health Behavior Checklist (HBC)
Independent variable: Groups (dispositional-realistic pessimism, defensive pessimism and dispositional-realistic optimism) |
|||||||||||||
| ANOVA | ANCOVA covariate Age | ||||||||||||
| HBC | Levene test (p) | Mean Square | F (df) | p | η2p | Welch test (p) | Brown-Forsythe test (p) | Levene test (p) | Mean Square | F (df) | p | η2p | |
| Wellness Maintenance and Enhancement Behaviors | 2.002
(0.137) |
417.438 | 7.942***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.044 | 1.983
(0.139) |
Age | 408.269 | 7.921**
(1.348) |
0.005 | 0.022 | ||
| Groups | 249.785 | 4.846**
(2.348) |
0.008 | 0.027 | |||||||||
| Accident Control Behaviors | 1.196
(0.304) |
106.288 | 4.709**
(2.349) |
0.010 | 0.026 | 0.262
(0.770) |
Age | 365.430 | 16.930***
(1.348) |
0.000 | 0.046 | ||
| Groups | 37.860 | 1.754
(2.348) |
0.175> | 0.010 | |||||||||
| Preventive Health Behavior | 3.128*
(0.045) |
943.096 | 9.043***
(2.349) |
0.000 | 0.049 | 8.690***
(0.000) |
9.563***
(0.000) |
2.809
(0.062) |
Age | 1546.211 | 15.439***
(1.348) |
0.000 | 0.042 |
| Groups | 482.138 | 4.814**
(2.348) |
0.009 | 0.027 | |||||||||
| Traffic Risk Taking | 0.048
(0.953) |
3.031 | 0.13
(2.349) |
0.879 | 0.001 | 0.103
(0.902) |
Age | 93.086 | 4.012*
(1.348) |
0.046 | |||
| Groups | 2.477 | 0.107
(2.348) |
0.899 | 0.001 | |||||||||
| Substance Risk Taking | 1.025
(0.36) |
62.935 | 6.413**
(2.349) |
0.002 | 0.035 | 1.079
(0.341) |
Age | 1.893 | 0.192
(1.348) |
0.661 | 0.001 | ||
| Groups | 63.580 | 6.463**
(2.348) |
0.002 | 0.036 | |||||||||
| Risk Taking Behavior | 0.595
(0.552) |
93.486 | 2.412
(2.349) |
0.091 | 0.014 | 0.765
(0.466) |
Age | 68.427 | 1.769
(1.348) |
0.184 | 0.005 | ||
| Groups | 72.763 | 1.882
(2.348) |
0.154 | 0.011 | |||||||||
| p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05 | |||||||||||||