Table 4: Effect of Expressive Disclosure Writing (EDW) on outcome variables.
EDW group (N = 22) | Control group (N = 23) | |||||||
T2-T1M (SD) | T2-T1M (SD) | SE | t | df | p | Cohen's d | 95% CI | |
Scores of SSAD | ||||||||
Public stigma perception | 0.1 (7.0) | -1.3 (8.1) | 2.25 | -0.622 | 42.6 | 0.26 | 0.18 | -5.93 to 3.14 |
Agreeing to Public stigma | -1.9 (7.2) | -1.8 (11.6) | 2.85 | 0.013 | 36.96 | 0.49 | -0.01 | -5.74 to 5.82 |
Applying stigma to oneself | -2.0 (7.5) | 4.6 (13.5) | 3.23 | 2.044 | 34.71 | 0.02* | -0.6 | 0.04 to 13.17 |
Self-concept | 1.5 (10.6) | 5.9 (9.9) | 3.06 | 1.443 | 42.41 | 0.08 | -0.42 | -1.76 to 10.59 |
Scores of DASS-21 | ||||||||
Depression | 0.68 (4.0) | 2.5 (3.9) | 1.18 | 1.524 | 42.69 | 0.07 | -0.45 | -0.58 to 4.17 |
Anxiety | 2.5 (5.8) | 2.7 (6.6) | 1.85 | 0.154 | 42.63 | 0.44 | -0.05 | -3.45 to 4.02 |
Stress | 0.8 (4.0) | 1.6 (3.5) | 1.12 | 0.745 | 41.95 | 0.23 | -0.22 | -1.43 to 3.19 |
Overall DASS-21 score | 3.9 (10.4) | 6.8 (11.4) | 3.25 | 0.897 | 42.88 | 0.19 | -0.27 | -3.64 to 9.47 |
Note: EDW = Expressive Disclosure Writing; SSAD = Self Stigma of Alcohol Dependence scale; DASS-21 = Depression, Anxiety and Stress 21-items scale, T1 = Pretreatment, T2 = Posttreatment, T2-T1 = pre to posttreatment score difference,*p < 0.05 (one-tailed).