Table 1: Notation used in BAN Logic.

Notations Description
P ≡X P believes X.
P⊲X P sees X.
P ∼X P once said X.
P⇒X P has jurisdiction over X.
#(X) The formula X is fresh.
P ↔ K Q P and Q may communicate with each other using the shared key K, which is a good key.
P ↔ X Q The secret formula X is only known to P and Q.
X K The formula X is encrypted with key K.
X Y The formula X is combined with secret Y.