Table 1: Push and pull travel motives.

Push factor Pull factor
Be close to nature Aboriginal culture
Education Accommodation and lodging
Escapism and relaxation Advertisement and promotions
Experiencing extreme activities City experience and night life entertainment
Forge new relationships or strengthen current relationships Climate and environment
Gain a new perspective Convenient transportation
Improve health and well-being Education opportunities for foreigners
Learn about local and different culture(s) Family and friends
Learn a new language Flora and fauna
Nostalgia Food
Prestige and luxury experience Historical sites (e.g. UNESCO)
Professional development Famous iconic landmarks (e.g. Eiffel Tower)
Rite of passage Natural landscapes
Seek adventure and novel experience Outdoor activities
Seek independence Proximity to home country
Self-development and/or self-actualization Security and safety
Shopping Shopping malls
Taste new or exotic food Simple visa application
Visit family or friends Variety of group tours
Visit historical sites Volunteer opportunities