Table 1: Push and pull travel motives.
Push factor | Pull factor |
Be close to nature | Aboriginal culture |
Education | Accommodation and lodging |
Escapism and relaxation | Advertisement and promotions |
Experiencing extreme activities | City experience and night life entertainment |
Forge new relationships or strengthen current relationships | Climate and environment |
Gain a new perspective | Convenient transportation |
Improve health and well-being | Education opportunities for foreigners |
Learn about local and different culture(s) | Family and friends |
Learn a new language | Flora and fauna |
Nostalgia | Food |
Prestige and luxury experience | Historical sites (e.g. UNESCO) |
Professional development | Famous iconic landmarks (e.g. Eiffel Tower) |
Rite of passage | Natural landscapes |
Seek adventure and novel experience | Outdoor activities |
Seek independence | Proximity to home country |
Self-development and/or self-actualization | Security and safety |
Shopping | Shopping malls |
Taste new or exotic food | Simple visa application |
Visit family or friends | Variety of group tours |
Visit historical sites | Volunteer opportunities |