Table 2: Features of the included studies.
Authors/year |
Region/study site |
Sample size |
Study design/instrument |
Screening type |
Proportion of women ever screened (%) |
Statistical Analysis |
Perng 2013 [14] |
Bagamoyo District. |
300 Women (age not reported) |
Cross-sectional/interviewer administered questionnaires |
VIA |
75.60% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Cunningham 2015 [15] |
Kilimanjaro Region |
575 women aged 18-55 years |
Cross-sectional/interviewer administered |
VIA |
6% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Moshi 2019 [16] |
Dodoma Region |
1,587 women aged between 15 and 49 |
Cross-sectional/interviewer administered |
VIA |
7.90% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Weng 2020 [17] |
Zanzibar, Tanzania |
1483 women aged 14-65 years |
Cross-sectional study/interviewer-administered structured questionnaire |
N/A |
4.38% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
McCree 2015 [18] |
Tanzania |
35 participants and key informants (KII) |
Qualitative /Face-to-face interviews and focus group discussion |
N/A |
Not measured |
N/A |
Lyimo 2012 [19] |
Moshi Rural District |
354 women aged 18 to 69 years |
Cross-sectional/interviewer administered |
VIA |
22.60% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Henke 2021 [20] |
Northern Tanzania |
2,192 ≥ 18 years |
Cross-sectional survey/ Questionnaires and clinical data |
VIA |
2.60% |
Descriptive |
Julius 2022 [21] |
Mara Region |
296 women aged 18-49 years |
Cross-sectional study/interviewer-administered questionnaire |
N/A |
31.80% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Kileo 2015 [22] |
Ilala Municipality |
512 female primary school teachers |
Cross-sectional study/self-administered questionnaire |
N/A |
21% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Kim ambo 2023 [23] |
Mbeya Region |
420 women aged 20-49 years |
Descriptive exploratory research design |
N/A |
66.20% |
Descriptive |
Koneru 2017 [24] |
Dar-es-Salaam Region |
399 aged 19 years or older attending HIV clinics |
A cross-sectional study/self-administered questionnaire |
VIA |
9.00% |
Descriptive |
Bateman 2019 [25] |
Dar-es-Salaam Region |
40 HIV-positive women, 19 years or older and clinicians |
Qualitative/focus groups |
N/A |
Not measured |
N/A |
Mrema 2022 [26] |
Kilimanjaro Region |
327 WLHIV aged 18-70 years |
Cross-sectional study/ interviewer-administered questionnaire |
VIA and Pap Smear |
Not measured |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Theophil 2022 [27] |
Muhimbili National Hospital |
221 Female Nurses and doctors |
Cross-sectional study/semi-structured self-administered questionnaires |
VIA |
29.90% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Mboineki 2020 [28] |
Urban Tanzania |
1013 Women |
Cross-sectional study/Validated self-administered questionnaire |
N/A |
8.20% |
Descriptive and multivariate |
Mugassa 2020 [29] |
National and district levels-Tanzania |
10 key Informants |
Exploratory qualitative study |
N/A |
Not measured |
N/A |
Lidofsky 2019 [30] |
Maasai Women in Rural Tanzania |
32 women and 34 HCWs |
Blend of qualitative & quantitative studies |
N/A |
Not measured |
Descriptive |